12.3. Data and measurement
12.3.1. 2011 Japan–US bilateral input–output table
In measuring the 2005 benchmark PLIs, Nomura and Miyagawa (2015) expanded the 2005 Japan–US BIOT (METI, 2013) to identify the imports from six exogenous economies: China, Germany, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan (Republic of China), and Thailand and modified the table to account for Japan's consumption tax. Since the introduction of the consumption tax in 1989, in the current JSNA and Japan's benchmark IOT, the values for intermediate uses are recorded as the prices including not only nondeductible consumption taxes but also deductible ones, resulting in an inconsistency between prices recorded in the accounts and the net prices actually paid by purchasers. In
addition, ...
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