CHAPTER 4
Pluralism at the Megaproject Front End
This study aims to illuminate the front-end governance of capital-intensive projects to develop complex sociotechnical systems. The research is grounded on four large infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom. By modeling the project front end with design structure matrices, we uncover extreme pluralistic organizations formed to produce a strategic plan. In this complex form of organizing, the project promoter formulates the grand problem and provides the financing, but shares the authority over strategic design choices, and thus, over scope, with multiple resource-rich stakeholders with conflicting goals. The analysis traces regular slippages in the performance targets (cost, schedule, scope) ...
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