7.5 Cost of Producing Multiple Goods
If a firm produces two or more goods, the cost of one good may depend on the output level of the other. Outputs are linked if a single input is used to produce both of them. For example, mutton and wool come from sheep, cattle provide beef and hides, and oil supplies heating fuel and gasoline. It is less expensive to produce beef and hides together than separately. If the goods are produced together, a single steer yields one unit of beef and one hide. If beef and hides are produced separately (throwing away the unused good), the same amount of output requires two steers and more labor.
A production process has economies of scope if it is less expensive to produce goods jointly than separately (Panzar and ...
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