Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Internals
by Bob Beauchemin Kalen Delaney Conor Cunningham, Jonathan Kehayias, Benjamin Nevarez, and Paul S. Randal
Data modification internals
You’ve seen how SQL Server stores data and index information; now you can look at what SQL Server actually does internally when your data is modified. You’ve seen how clustered indexes define logical order to your data and how a heap is nothing more than a collection of unordered pages. You’ve seen how nonclustered indexes are structures stored separately from the data and how that data is a copy of the actual table’s data, defined by the index definition. Also, as a rule of thumb, you should always have a clustered index on a table. This section reviews how SQL Server deals with the existence of indexes when processing data modification statements.
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The SQL Customer Advisory Team published a white paper in mid-2007 ...
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