Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications, 2nd Edition

17

Wideband Antennas for Wireless Technologies: Trends and Applications

Bahattin Türetken, Umut Bulu, Erkul Baaran, Eren Akkaya, Koray Sürmeli and Hüseyin Aniktar

TÜBTAK-UEKAE (National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology)Electromagnetic and Antenna Research Group, Istanbul, Turkey

17.1 Introduction

Electromagnetic waves are the waves including the electric and magnetic field components that carry energy/information by propagating within their environment. The earliest recorded recognition of the electric and magnetic phenomena is by Thales¹ in the sixth century BC, and this recognition has completed a process of almost 2500 years until today in scientific disciplines such as physics, mathematics and engineering. This stunning, mystical happening, which we use in every moment of our lives, is a divine gift not only for our World, but also for the entire Universe. Initially, the electric and magnetic forces had been considered independently of each other, but the observed phenomena have allowed us to find out a correlation between them. Taking into consideration the experiments and observations conducted between 1822 and 1845 as well as the equations proven by the static ...