Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises: Explorations of Physical, Human, Economic, and Social Phenomena

Chapter 7SOCIAL PHENOMENA

INTRODUCTION

Table 7.1 lists the social phenomena of interest for the six archetypal problems introduced in Chapter 2 and discussed in Chapter 3. All of these phenomena are concerned with social systems, values and norms, and information sharing. This chapter addresses the state of knowledge in representing these phenomena.

Table 7.1 Social Phenomena Associated with Archetypal Problems

Problem	Phenomena	Category
Traffic control	Drivers information sharing on routes and shortcuts	Social, information sharing
Urban resilience	Peoples information sharing on perceptions, expectations, and intentions	Social, information sharing
Counterfeit parts	Social system of defense industry	Social, organizations
Healthcare delivery	Social system of healthcare industry	Social, organizations
Urban resilience	Social system of city, communities, and neighborhoods	Social, organizations
Counterfeit parts	Values and norms of defense industry	Social, values and norms
Healthcare delivery	Values and norms of healthcare industry	Social, values and norms
Urban resilience	Values and norms of communities and neighborhoods	Social, values and norms

The primary emphases in the chapter are on organizations as social systems and cities as social systems. We will consider social networks and communications, as well as social values and norms. Two contrasts are of particular importance. One is the notion of emergence versus design. The other is direct versus representative ...