Modelling Optimization and Control of Biomedical Systems

5 Part A: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling, Model Analysis and Optimization

Stamatina Zavitsanou¹, Athanasios Mantalaris², Michael C. Georgiadis³, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos⁴

¹ Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, USA

² Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK

³ Laboratory of Process Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thesaloniki, Greece

⁴ Texas A&M Energy Institute, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA

5.a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Modelling, Model Analysis and Optimization

5.a.1 Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Stamatina Zavitsanou, Athanasios Mantalaris, Michael C. Georgiadis, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by insufficient or absent insulin circulation, elevated levels of glucose in the plasma and beta cells’ inability to respond to metabolic stimulus. It results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which is responsible for secretion of insulin, the hormone that contributes to glucose distribution in the human cells.

T1DM is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of childhood. According to the American Diabetes Association, 1 in 400–600 children and adolescents in the USA have T1DM, and the incidence is increasing worldwide (Onkamo et al., 1999; Patterson et al., 2009) not only in populations with high incidence such ...