book

Modern PHP

by Josh Lockhart

February 2015

Intermediate to advanced

268 pages

5h 51m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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What You Need to Know About This BookHow This Book Is OrganizedConventions Used in This BookUsing Code ExamplesSafari® Books OnlineHow to Contact UsAcknowledgments
PastPresentFuture
NamespacesWhy We Use NamespacesDeclarationImport and AliasHelpful TipsCode to an InterfaceTraitsWhy We Use TraitsHow to Create a TraitHow to Use a TraitGeneratorsCreate a GeneratorUse a GeneratorClosuresCreateAttach StateZend OPcacheEnable Zend OPcacheConfigure Zend OPcacheUse Zend OPcacheBuilt-in HTTP serverStart the ServerConfigure the ServerRouter ScriptsDetect the Built-in ServerDrawbacksWhat’s Next
PHP-FIG to the RescueFramework InteroperabilityInterfacesAutoloadingStyleWhat Is a PSR?PSR-1: Basic Code StylePSR-2: Strict Code StylePSR-3: Logger InterfaceWrite a PSR-3 LoggerUse a PSR-3 LoggerPSR-4: AutoloadersWhy Autoloaders Are ImportantThe PSR-4 Autoloader StrategyHow to Write a PSR-4 Autoloader (and Why You Shouldn’t)
Why Use Components?What Are Components?Components Versus FrameworksNot All Frameworks Are BadUse the Right Tool for the JobFind ComponentsShopChooseLeave FeedbackUse PHP ComponentsHow to Install ComposerHow to Use ComposerExample ProjectComposer and Private RepositoriesCreate PHP ComponentsVendor and Package NamesNamespacesFilesystem OrganizationThe composer.json FileThe README fileComponent ImplementationVersion ControlPackagist SubmissionUsing the Component
Sanitize, Validate, and EscapeSanitize InputValidate DataEscape OutputPasswordsNever Know User PasswordsNever Restrict User PasswordsNever Email User PasswordsHash User Passwords with bcryptPassword Hashing APIPassword Hashing API for PHP < 5.5.0Dates, Times, and Time ZonesSet a Default Time ZoneThe DateTime ClassThe DateInterval ClassThe DateTimeZone ClassThe DatePeriod ClassThe nesbot/carbon ComponentDatabasesThe PDO ExtensionDatabase Connections and DSNsPrepared StatementsQuery ResultsTransactionsMultibyte StringsCharacter EncodingOutput UTF-8 DataStreamsStream WrappersStream ContextStream FiltersCustom Stream FiltersErrors and ExceptionsExceptionsException HandlersErrorsError HandlersErrors and Exceptions During DevelopmentProduction
Shared ServerVirtual Private ServerDedicated ServerPaaSChoose a Hosting Plan

Our GoalServer SetupFirst LoginSoftware UpdatesNonroot UserSSH Key-Pair AuthenticationDisable Passwords and Root LoginPHP-FPMInstallGlobal ConfigurationPool ConfigurationNginxInstallVirtual HostAutomate Server ProvisioningDelegate Server ProvisioningFurther ReadingWhat’s Next
The php.ini FileMemoryZend OPcacheFile UploadsMax Execution TimeSession HandlingOutput BufferingRealpath CacheUp Next
Version ControlAutomate DeploymentMake It SimpleMake It PredictableMake It ReversibleCapistranoHow It WorksInstallConfigureAuthenticatePrepare the Remote ServerCapistrano HooksDeploy Your ApplicationRoll Back Your ApplicationFurther ReadingWhat’s Next
Why Do We Test?When Do We Test?BeforeDuringAfterWhat Do We Test?How Do We Test?Unit TestsTest-Driven Development (TDD)Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)PHPUnitDirectory StructureInstall PHPUnitInstall XdebugConfigure PHPUnitThe Whovian ClassThe WhovianTest Test CaseRun TestsCode CoverageContinuous Testing with Travis CISetupRunFurther ReadingWhat’s Next
When to Use a ProfilerTypes of ProfilersXdebugConfigureTriggerAnalyzeXHProfInstallXHGUIConfigureTriggerNew Relic ProfilerBlackfire ProfilerFurther ReadingWhat’s Next
HHVMPHP at FacebookHHVM and Zend Engine ParityIs HHVM Right for Me?InstallConfigureExtensionsMonitor HHVM with SupervisordHHVM, FastCGI, and NginxThe Hack LanguageConvert PHP to HackWhat is a Type?Static TypingDynamic TypingHack Goes Both WaysHack Type CheckingHack ModesHack SyntaxHack Data StructuresHHVM/Hack vs. PHPFurther Reading
Local PUGConferencesMentoringStay Up-to-DateWebsitesMailing ListsTwitterPodcastsHumor
LinuxPackage ManagersUbuntu 14.04 LTSCentOS 7OS XMAMPHomebrewBuild from SourceGet the Source CodeWindowsWAMPZend Server
VirtualBoxVagrantCommandsBoxesInitializeProvisionSynced foldersGet started

Content preview from Modern PHP

Chapter 3. Standards

There is a mind-boggling number of PHP components and frameworks. There are macro frameworks like Symfony and Laravel. There are micro frameworks like Silex and Slim. And there are legacy frameworks like CodeIgniter that were built long before modern PHP components existed. The modern PHP ecosystem is a veritable melting pot of code that helps us developers build amazing applications.

Unfortunately, older PHP frameworks were developed in isolation and do not share code with other PHP frameworks. If your project uses one of these older PHP frameworks, you’re stuck with the framework and must live inside the framework’s ecosystem. This centralized environment is OK if you are happy with the framework’s tools. However, what if you use the CodeIgniter framework but want to cherry-pick a helper library from the Symfony framework? You’re probably out of luck unless you write a one-off adapter specifically for your project.

What we’ve got here is a failure to communicate.

Cool Hand Luke

Do you see the problem? Frameworks created in isolation were not designed to communicate with other frameworks. This is extremely inefficient, both for developers (creativity is limited by framework choice) and for frameworks themselves (they re-invent code that already exists elsewhere). I have good news, though. The PHP community has evolved from a centralized framework model to a distributed ecosystem of efficient, interoperable, and specialized components.