Book description
Designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry and physics,
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Preface
- About the Authors
-
1. Introduction
- 1.1 Spectroscopy
- 1.2 Nature of Electromagnetic Radiations
- 1.3 Characteristics of Electromagnetic Radiations and Atoms/Molecules
- 1.4 Born-Oppenheimer Approximation
- 1.5 Schrödinger Wave Equation
- 1.6 General Condition of Resonance, i.e. Absorption or Emission
- 1.7 Molecular Spectroscopy and Spectral Regions
- 1.8 Spectrum and Basic Elements of a Single and Double Beam Absorption Spectrometer
- 1.9 Intensity of the Spectral Bands (or Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Transition Between Two States)
- 1.10 Limit of Sensitivity of the Spectroscopic Method of Identification of Substances
- 1.11 Fourier Transform (FT) and Computer Average Transient (CAT)
- 1.12 Fitting of a Straight Line and Method of Least Squares
- Problems
- Appendix A-1.1
-
2. Atomic Structure and Atomic Spectra
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 History and Experimental Results of Atomic Spectrum
- 2.3 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
- 2.4 Fine (Multiplet) Structure of Atomic Terms (States)
- 2.5 Hyperfine Structure of Spectral Terms
- 2.6 Genesis of the Periodic System of Elements
- 2.7 Intensity of Spectral Lines
- 2.8 Atomic Spectra
- 2.9 An Atom in Magnetic Field
- 2.10 An Atom in Electric Field (Stark Effect)
- Problems
-
3. Rotational Spectrum
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Rotational Motion of Dumbbell-Shaped Species (or Diatomic Molecule as Rigid Rotator)
- 3.3 Quantum Restrictions on Rotation of Diatomic Molecule
- 3.4 Rotational Spectrum and Bond Lengths of Diatomic Molecules
- 3.5 Interaction of Radiation with Molecule
- 3.6 Spectrum
- 3.7 Thermal Distribution of Rotational Quantum States (Intensities of the Rotational Lines)
- 3.8 Limitations of Simple Model
-
3.9 Polyatomic Molecules
- 3.9.1 Polyatomic Linear Molecules
- 3.9.2 Energy Levels and Spectra
- 3.9.3 Rotational Spectra of Spherical Top Molecules
- 3.9.4 Rotational Spectra of Symmetric Top Molecules
- 3.9.5 Transition Between Two Adjacent Energy States (Prolate/Oblate Tops as Rigid Rotators)
- 3.9.6 Rotational Spectra of Asymmetric Top Molecules
- 3.10 Microwave Spectrometer
- 3.11 Stark Effect in Relation to Dipole Moment Determination from Rotational Spectrum
- 3.12 Applications of Microwave Spectroscopy
- Problems
-
4. Vibrational Spectra and the Flexibility of Molecules
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Vibration of a Ball and Spring System
- 4.3 Vibrational Energy Levels of Diatomic Molecule
- 4.4 The Anharmonic Oscillator
- 4.5 Hot Vibrational Bands
- 4.6 Rotational-Vibrational Spectrum
- 4.7 Dissociation Energy of Diatomic Molecules
- 4.8 Nature and Number of Vibrational Motions in Polyatomic Molecules
- 4.9 Basic Principles of a Double Beam Dispersive Infrared Spectrometer
- 4.10 Qualitative Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy
- Problems
- Appendix 4A-1
-
5. Raman Spectroscopy
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Classical Theory of Raman Scattering
- 5.3 Quantum Theory of Raman Scattering
- 5.4 General Selection Rule for Raman Scattering
- 5.5 Raman Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
- 5.6 Vibrational Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules
- 5.7 Basic Principles of a Raman Spectrometer
- 5.8 Resonance Raman Scattering/Effect (RRS/RRE)
- 5.9 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy
- Problems
-
6. Electronic Spectrum
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Diatomic Molecules
- 6.3 Classification of Electronic States
- 6.4 Stable and Unstable States
- 6.5 Electronic Spectrum of Diatomic Molecules
- 6.6 The Isotope Effect in Molecular Electronic Spectra
- 6.7 Continuous Absorption and Emission Spectra
- 6.8 Pre-dissociation/Diffuse Spectra
- 6.9 Dissociation Energy and Its Determination
- 6.10 Electronic Spectrum of Polyatomic Molecules
- 6.11 Structure and Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes
- 6.12 Deactivation of Excited States
- 6.13 Basic Principles of a Double Beam UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
- 6.14 Applications of Low Resolution UV–Visible Spectroscopy
- Problems
- Appendix 6A
-
7. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- 7.1 Nuclear Properties Relevant to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
- 7.2 Concept of Nuclear Magnetic States
- 7.3 Units of Some Magnetic Properties Involved in NMR
- 7.4 Energy of the Magnetic States
- 7.5 Larmor Theorem
- 7.6 General Selection Rules for the Transition Between Magnetic States
- 7.7 The Magnetic Resonance Condition
- 7.8 Equivalence of Classical Larmor Precessional Frequency and Quantum Mechanical Transition Frequency
- 7.9 Nuclear Population in Different States
- 7.10 Line Shape and Line Width
- 7.11 Intensity of NMR Signal
- 7.12 Spin Relaxation Process
- 7.13 Fourier Transform NMR (FTNMR) Spectroscopy
- 7.14 The Screening Constant (σ)
- 7.15 Effects of Chemical Environments on Chemical Shift
- 7.16 Dipole-Dipole (d-d )- and Spin-Spin (s-s) Coupling
- 7.17 Concept of Chemical-Shift Equivalent and Magnetically Equivalent Protons
- 7.18 Quantification (Mechanism) of s–s Interaction
- 7.19 NMR Spectrometers
- 7.20 Simplification of NMR Spectrum
- 7.21 13C-NMR Spectroscopy
- 7.22 Applications
- Problems
-
8. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Similarities Between ESR and NMR
- 8.3 Energy of Free-Electron Spin State
- 8.4 Energy Levels of a Free Electron in an External Magnetic Field
- 8.5 Intensity of ESR Lines and Factors Affecting It
- 8.6 Relaxation Processes
- 8.7 ESR Line Width and Factors Affecting It
- 8.8 g-Value and Factors Affecting ESR Lines
- 8.9 Zero-Field Splitting (Fine Structure Terms) and Kramer’s Degeneracy
- 8.10 Hyperfine Interaction
- 8.11 Types of Hyperfine Interactions
- 8.12 Rules for the Prediction of Number of Hyperfine Lines and their Relative Intensities: Analysis of Isotropic EPR Spectra
- 8.13 Basic Principle of an ESR Spectrometer
- 8.14 Fourier Transform ESR Spectroscopy (FTESRS)
- 8.15 Applications of ESR Spectroscopy
- Problems
- 9. Mössbauer Spectroscopy
-
10. Lasers
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Stimulated Absorption
- 10.3 Stimulated Emission
- 10.4 Relations Between the Einstein’s Coefficients
- 10.5 Idea of Lasing Action
- 10.6 Methods to Create Population Inversion
- 10.7 Principle of Pumping Schemes
- 10.8 Requirements and Rate Equations for Lasers
- 10.9 Experimental Aspect of Lasers
- 10.10 Characteristics of Laser Beams
- 10.11 Methods of Q-Switching
- 10.12 Wavelength Range and Power Output of Lasers
-
10.13 Few Specific Laser Systems
- 10.13.1 Solid-State Lasers
- 10.13.2 Ion and Atomic Lasers
- 10.13.3 Molecular Lasers
- 10.13.4 Liquid Lasers
- 10.13.5 Electroionisation Lasers (High Pressure Gas Lasers)
- 10.13.6 Gas-Dynamic Lasers
- 10.13.7 Chemical Lasers
- 10.13.8 Chain Reactions for Chemical Lasers
- 10.13.9 Plasma Lasers: Recombination Plasma as the Active Medium
- 10.13.10 Semi-conductor Lasers
- 10.13.11 Injection Lasers
- 10.13.12 Photodissociation Lasers
- 10.14 Applications of Lasers
- Problems
- Appendix 10-A
-
11. Mass Spectrometry
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Comparison of Mass Spectrometry with Other Spectroscopic Techniques
- 11.3 Basic Principles of Mass Spectrometry
- 11.4 Presentation of Mass Spectrum
- 11.5 Parameters of Good Mass Spectrometer
- 11.6 Various Forms of Mass Spectrometry on the Basis of Ionisation Processes Other Than EIMS
- 11.7 Various Types of Ions Enclosed in Mass Spectrometry
- 11.8 Intensities of the Signals in the Mass Spectrum
- 11.9 Intensity of the Parent Peak and Factors Affecting it
- 11.10 Terms and Symbols Used for the Mode of Fragmentation of Molecular Ions
- 11.11 General Rules for Writing Molecular Formula
- 11.12 Mode of Fragmentation of Positively Charged Molecular Ion
- 11.13 Elimination of Neutral Molecules
- 11.14 Rearrangement Fissions
- 11.15 Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Unkown Compounds
- 11.16 Applications of Mass Spectrometry
- Problems
- Bibliography
- Copyright
Product information
- Title: Molecular Spectrocopy,1e
- Author(s):
- Release date: July 2014
- Publisher(s): Pearson Education India
- ISBN: 9789332540811
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