book

MPLS in the SDN Era

by Antonio Sanchez Monge, Krzysztof Grzegorz Szarkowicz

December 2015

Intermediate to advanced

920 pages

23h 28m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

Book available

Read now

Unlock full access

About This BookInteroperabilityMPLS in the SDN EraLive BookContents of This BookDisclaimerConventions Used in This BookSafari® Books OnlineHow to Contact UsAcknowledgments
The InternetISP Example TopologyRouter Types in a Service ProviderBGP ConfigurationBGP Route Signaling and RedundancyPacket Forwarding in a BGP-Less CoreMPLSMPLS in ActionThe MPLS HeaderMPLS Configuration and Forwarding PlaneForwarding Equivalence ClassAgain, What Is MPLS?OpenFlowOpenFlow—Flow-Based ForwardingOpenFlow—Openness and P4SDNSeparation of the Control and Forwarding PlanesSDN and the ProtocolsThe SDN EraSDN-Era Use Cases
LDPLDP Discovery and LDP SessionsLDP Label MappingLDP and Equal-Cost MultipathLDP Implementation DetailsLDP Inter-AreaProtecting LDP Networks from Traffic BlackholingRSVP-TERSVP-TE LSP FundamentalsRSVP-TE in ActionRSVP-Constrained Paths and ECMPInter-Area RSVP-TE LSPsRSVP Auto TunnelIGP and SPRINGSPRING in ActionSPRING ConceptsSPRING Adjacency SegmentsA Comparison of LDP, RSVP-TE, and SPRINGBGP-Labeled UnicastIGP-Free Large-Scale Data CentersBGP-LU ConfigurationService Configuration in an IGP-Less TopologyBGP-LU—Signaling and Forwarding PlaneBGP-LU—SPRING Extensions
6PE: IPv6 Transport in an IPv4/MPLS Core6PE—Backbone Configuration at the PEs6PE—RR Configuration6PE—Access Configuration at the PEs6PE—Signaling6PE—Forwarding PlaneBGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private NetworksAttachment Circuits and Access VirtualizationL3VPN in a NutshellL3VPN—SignalingL3VPN—Forwarding PlaneL3VPN—Backbone Configuration at the PEsL3VPN—RR ConfigurationL3VPN—VRF Configuration at the PEsL3VPN—Routing Tables in JunosL3VPN—Service Label AllocationL3VPN—TopologiesL3VPN—Loop AvoidanceInternet Access from a VRFRoute Target ConstraintRTC—SignalingRTC—RR ConfigurationRTC—PE ConfigurationCoupling MPLS Services to Transport PlanesConfiguring Several Loopbacks in the Default InstanceSignaling LSPs to Different Loopback AddressesChanging the Service Routes’ BGP Next Hop
IP MulticastIP Multicast ProtocolsIP Multicast ModesClassic Internet MulticastStarting Multicast Sources and ReceiversSignaling the Multicast TreeClassic Internet Multicast—Connecting Multicast Islands Across the CoreSignaling Join State Between Remote PEsCarrier IP Multicast FlavorsDirect Inter-PE Model—PE-to-PE PIM Adjacencies over Unicast IP TunnelsDirect Inter-PE Model—PE-to-PE PIM Adjacencies over Multicast IP TunnelsDirect Inter-PE Model—PE-PE PIM Adjacencies over MPLS Label-Switched PathsBeyond the Direct Inter-PE Model—Not Establishing PE-PE PIM AdjacenciesInternet Multicast over MPLS with In-Band Multipoint LDP SignalingMultipoint LDPIn-Band SignalingLife of a C-Multicast Packet in an mLDP P2MP LSPCE MultihomingmLDP In-Band and PIM ASMOther Internet Multicast over MPLS Flavors
BGP Multicast VPN with mLDP TransportMVPN Address FamilyConfiguring BGP MVPNMVPN Site ADSignaling C-Multicast (S, G) Join State with BGPSignaling Provider Tunnels—BGP and the PMSI AttributeSignaling Provider Tunnels—Multipoint LDP for TransportBGP Multicast VPN with RSVP-TE P2MP TransportAdvertising the Inclusive PMSI—RSVP-TE P2MPAdvertising Selective PMSIs—RSVP-TE P2MPSignaling P- Tunnels with RSVP-TE P2MPBGP Multicast VPN with Ingress ReplicationInclusive PMSI—IRSelective PMSI—IRBGP Multicast VPN with Other P- Tunnel FlavorsCE Multihoming in BGP Multicast VPNEgress PE RedundancyIngress PE RedundancyChoosing the Best RD SchemeBGP Multicast VPN with C-PIM ASMASM ModeC-Rendezvous Point—PE and CE ConfigurationC-Multicast Signaling—ASM Mode with C-RP at the PEsNoncongruent C-Unicast and C-Multicast
L2VPN in a NutshellL2VPN Use CasesL2VPN Topological ClassificationL2VPN Signaling and TransportP2P L2VPN—Varied Access TechnologiesL2VPN Flavors Covered in This BookVPWS Signaled with BGPBGP L2VPN Address FamilyBGP VPWS Configuration at the PEsBGP VPWS SignalingL2VPN Forwarding PlaneBGP VPWS—CE Multihoming to Several PEsEthernet OAM (802.3ah, 802.1ag)BGP VPWS—VLAN Tag MultiplexingBGP VPWS—VLAN Tag Translation and ManipulationBGP VPWS—PW Head-End (PWHE)BGP VPWS—Load BalancingVPWS Signaled with LDPLDP VPWS Configuration at the PEsLDP VPWS Signaling and Forwarding PlanesLDP VPWS—CE Multihoming and PW RedundancyLDP VPWS—VLAN Tag MultiplexingLDP VPWS—VLAN Tag Translation and ManipulationLDP VPWS—PWHELDP VPWS—FAT
Introduction to VPLSVPLS Signaled with BGPBGP VPLS ConfigurationBGP VPLS SignalingBGP VPLS—Efficient BUM ReplicationVPLS Signaled with LDPLDP VPLS ConfigurationLDP VPLS SignalingLDP VPLS—Autodiscovery via BGPVLANs and Learning Domains in VPLSVPLS in default VLAN modeJunos VPLS Instances—Normalized VLAN ModeJunos VPLS Instances—VLAN-Free ModeJunos VPLS Instances—VLAN-Aware ModeJunos Virtual SwitchesIntegrated Routing and Bridging in VPLSIRB Configuration in Junos VPLS InstancesIRB Configuration in Junos Virtual SwitchesIRB Configuration in IOS XRVPLS—IRB Redundancy and Traffic TromboningHierarchical VPLSH-VPLS Model with LDP SignalingH-VPLS Models with BGP for Autodiscovery and Signaling
EVPN with MPLS TransportEVPN Versus VPLSEVPN ImplementationsEVPN—This Book’s TopologyBGP EVPN Address FamilyEVPN with MPLS Transport—Junos ConfigurationEVPN MPLS—Inclusive Tunnel and AutodiscoveryEVPN with MPLS Transport—Advertising MACsEVPN with MPLS Transport—Intra-VLAN BridgingEVPN with MPLS Transport—Inter-VLAN ForwardingEVPN with MPLS Transport—All-Active MultihomingEthernet VPN with VXLAN TransportData Center ChallengesVXLANEVPN with VXLAN Transport—MotivationEVPN with VXLAN Transport—Forwarding PlaneEVPN with VXLAN Transport—Junos ConfigurationEVPN with VXLAN Transport—SignalingProvider Backbone Bridging EVPNIntroduction to PBBPBB EVPN in a NutshellPBB EVPN ImplementationsPBB EVPN in ActionPBB EVPN ConfigurationPBB EVPN Signaling
Inter-Domain ArchitecturesThis Chapter’s Example TopologyInter-AS FlavorsInter-AS Option AInter-AS Option BInter-AS Option B—Signaling and ForwardingInter-AS Option B—Junos ConfigurationInter-AS Option B—IOS XR ConfigurationInter-AS Option B with Local VRFInter-AS Option CBGP Sessions in Inter-AS Option CInter-AS Option C—Signaling and ForwardingInter-AS Option C—ConfigurationCarrier Supporting CarrierInter-Domain RSVP-TE LSPs

Overlays and UnderlaysOverlay and Underlay Are Relative ConceptsOther Fundamental ConceptsMultiforwarder Network DevicesSingle-Chassis Network Devices—Forwarding PlaneSingle-Chassis Network Devices—Control PlaneMultichassis Network DevicesLegacy Data Center NetworkingThe Challenges of L2 Bridged NetworksUnderlays in Modern Data CentersOverlays in Modern Data CentersData Center Underlays—FabricsIP Fabrics—Forwarding PlaneIP Fabrics with Distributed-Only Control PlaneIP Fabrics with Hybrid Control PlaneNetwork Virtualization OverlayCompute ControllersVirtual Network ControllersNVO—Transport of Control PacketsNVO—Agents
OpenContrail in a NutshellOpenContrail ControllersCompute, Gateway, and Service NodesCase Study: A Private CloudvRouter-VM Link AddressingInitializing vNICs—XMPP as a DHCP-Like ProtocolInterconnecting VMs—XMPP as a BGP-Like ProtocolInterconnecting Subscribers to Cloud VMsCommunication Between Virtual NetworksNetwork Virtualization Overlay: L2_L3 ModeVXLAN RefresherIntrasubnet (L2) and Intersubnet (L3) TrafficInterconnecting VMs—IntraSubnet Traffic with VXLANvRouter and Gateway Nodes—L2_L3 ModeIntegrating Legacy L2 World into the NVOL2 Gateways and OVSDBToR Service NodesBinding a Bare-Metal Server to the OverlayMAC Learning with OVSDBBare-Metal Servers and OVSDB—the Forwarding Plane
NFV in the Software-Defined Networking EraVirtual or Physical?Applicability of NFV to Service ProvidersNFV Practical Use CaseNFV Forwarding PlaneNFV—VRF Layout ModelsLegacy VRF Layout—Transit VN ModelModern VRF Layout—Two-VN ModelNFV—Long Version of the Life of a PacketNFV Control PlaneNFV Scaling and RedundancyNFV Scaling and Redundancy—Load BalancingService Instance FlavorsIn-Network Service InstancesIn-Network-NAT Service InstancesTransparent Service InstancesNetwork Service Function Outside a VM or Container
TE ProtocolsTE LSP TypesTE Information DistributionTE Distribution via OSPFTE Distribution via IS-ISThe TEDTE Static ConstraintsTE MetricLink Coloring—Administrative GroupExtended Administrative GroupsShared Risk Link GroupEgress Peer EngineeringEPE Based on BGP-LU
TE Static Bandwidth ConstraintsTE Bandwidth AttributesDefault TE Interface BandwidthBasic RSVP-TE Bandwidth ReservationLSP Priorities and PreemptionTraffic Metering and PolicingTE Auto-BandwidthIntroduction to Auto-BandwidthAuto-Bandwidth in ActionAuto-Bandwidth ConfigurationAuto-Bandwidth Deployment ConsiderationsDynamic Ingress LSP Splitting/MergingDynamic Ingress LSP Splitting/Merging—ConfigurationDynamic Ingress LSP Splitting/Merging in Action
BGP Link-StatePCEPPCE ImplementationsInteraction Between PCE and PCCPCE-Initiated RSVP-TE LSPsPCC-Initiated RSVP-TE LSPsPCC Label-Switched Path SignalingRSVP-TE LSPsSPRING (IGP) TE LSPsBGP LSPsPCC ConfigurationPCC Templates for PCE-Initiated LSPsDelegating PCC-Initiated LSPs to the PCEPCE Use CasesExtending the Link Attributes PaletteEnhanced LSP Preemption LogicDiverse Paths
Scaling an IGP DomainScaling an IGP—OSPFScaling an IGP—IS-ISScaling an IGP—MPLS ProtocolsScaling RSVP-TERSVP-TE Protocol Best PracticesIntradomain LSP HierarchyTunneling RSVP-TE LSPs Inside RSVP-TE LSPsTunneling LDP LSPs Inside RSVP-TE LSPsTunneling SPRING LSPs Inside RSVP-TE LSPsInterdomain Transport ScalingNonhierarchical Interdomain TunnelsHierarchical Interdomain Tunnels (Seamless MPLS)IGP-Less Transport ScalingBGP-LU HierarchyMPLS-Capable Servers and Static Labels
Hierarchical L3VPNDefault Route L3VPN ModelDefault Route with Local Routes L3VPN ModelPseudowire Head-End Termination L3VPN Model
Fast Restoration ConceptsIngress/Transit/Egress Transport Protection ConceptsGlobal Repair ConceptsLocal Repair ConceptsLoop-Free AlternatesPer-Link LFAPer-Prefix LFAExtending LFA Backup CoverageLFA with LDP Backup Tunnels (Remote LFA)RLFA with RSVP-TE Backup TunnelsTopology Independent Fast ReRouteModifying the default LFA selection algorithmTopology-Independent LFAMaximally Redundant Trees
RSVP-TE Path ProtectionRSVP-TE Facility (Node-Link) ProtectionManual Link Protection BypassManual Node-Link Protection BypassFacility Protection in ActionAutomatic Protection BypassRSVP-TE One-to-One ProtectionTransit Fast-Restoration Summary
Next-Hop HierarchyTopology used in Chapter 20 and in Chapter 21Flat Next-Hop StructuresIndirect Next Hop (Junos)Chained Composite Next Hop (Junos)BGP PIC Core (IOS XR)Preinstalled Next Hops to Multiple Egress PEs (PIC Edge)Active/Standby Next Hops to Egress PEsActive/Active Next Hops to Egress PEsBGP Best External Failover
Service Mirroring Protection ConceptsCombined Protector/Backup Egress PE ModelSeparate (Centralized) Protector and Backup Egress PE ModelContext-ID Advertisement MethodsStub-AliasStub-ProxyL3VPN PE→CE Egress Link ProtectionLayer 2 VPN Service MirroringBGP-Based L2VPN Service MirroringLDP-Based L2VPN Service MirroringEgress Peer Engineering ProtectionProtection in Seamless MPLS ArchitectureBorder Link (ASBR-ASBR) ProtectionBorder Node (ABR or ASBR) ProtectionSummary

Overview

How can you make multivendor services work smoothly on today’s complex networks? This practical book shows you how to deploy a large portfolio of multivendor Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) services on networks, down to the configuration level. You’ll learn where Juniper Network's Junos, Cisco's IOS XR, and OpenContrail, interoperate and where they don’t.

Two network and cloud professionals from Juniper describe how MPLS technologies and applications have rapidly evolved through services and architectures such as Ethernet VPNs, Network Function Virtualization, Seamless MPLS, Egress Protection, External Path Computation, and more. This book contains no vendor bias or corporate messages, just solid information on how to get a multivendor network to function optimally.