Multilingual Speech Processing

504 INDEX

overelaboration, 278

overgeneralization, 278

P

parallel monolingual components, 444

Parallel Phone Recognition followed by

Language Modeling (PPRLM ), 260

partial parsing, 354

part-of-speech (POS) tagging, 336, 410

parts-of-speech (POS), 354

PCA (principal components analysis), 264

PDTS (Polyphone Decision Tree

Specialization), 112, 295

peculiarities of language, 83–90

overview, 83

prosody and phonology, 86–87

segmentation and morphology, 87–89

semantics and pragmatics, 89–90

sound systems, 85–86

written script and relation to spoken

speech, 83–85

perception, 277

perceptual benchmarks, human language

identification of, 236–237

perceptual linear prediction (PLP), 249

phonemes, 12, 92

phones, 12

phone sets and acoustic modeling, 162–164

phonetic confusion, non-native speech

characteristics of, 280–282

phonetic context questions, 109

phonetic coverage across languages, 99–102

phonetics, 12–16

phonetic sound inventories, 92–93

phonographic systems, 23

phonology, 12–16, 86–87

phonotactic language identification, system

architectures in, 261–262

phonotactic modeling, 244, 251–262

basic N-gram modeling, 252–253

extended phonotactic context, 255–259

context clustering with

maximum-likelihood binary

decision trees, 256–259

overview, 255–256

N-Gram estimation and smoothing, 253–254

overview, 251–252

system architectures in phonotactic LID,

261–262

phonotactics, 14, 244

phrase alignment models, statistical direct

translation of, 325–327

phrase correspondence score, 354

pidgins, 11

PLP (perceptual linear prediction), 249

polynomial classifier, 246

polyphone, 75

Polyphone Decision Tree Specialization

(PDTS), 112, 295

polyphoneme, 92

portable speech-to-speech translation, see AT R

system of portable speech-to-speech

translation

POS (part-of-speech) tagging, 336, 410

POS (parts-of-speech), 354

power distance, 311

PPRLM (Parallel Phone Recognition followed

by Language Modeling), 260

pragmatics and semantics, 89–90

precision, 189

prefabrication, 278

principal components analysis (PCA), 264

probabilistic language identification

framework, 242–245

probabilistic output, 306

probabilistic systems, 305

pronunciation adaptation, 276, 293–295

pronunciation dictionary resources, 157

pronunciations, canonical, see canonical

pronunciations

pronunciation variants, 158–162

prosodic language identification, 262–265

prosodic modeling for multilingual speech

synthesis, 216–219

prosodic models, 210, 245

prosodic parameters, generation of, 369

prosody, 12–16, 86–87

prototype S2ST system, 392

psycholinguistic study using speech

resynthesis, 239–240

Q

QTr (Quick Transcription), 37

quantitative feedback, 306

quantitative systems, 305