Mutex and semaphore contention is one of the most elusive kinds of contention you can come across as except for extreme situations, you will not directly notice any issues. Instead, the contention tends to materialize as an overall added latency and throughput reduction that can be hard to put your finger on. Then out of the blue, you may have crossed a load threshold, and the contention causes your server to come to a grinding halt.
This chapter goes through a case study of investigating contention on the adaptive hash index rw-semaphore. However, do be aware that semaphore ...