Nano- and Microtechnology from A - Z: From Nanosystems to Colloids and Interfaces

Tables

Table 1 Length-scales in micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, and atto-technology

Technology	Regime	Length-scale	Examples
Microtechnology	10−6	0.1–100 μm	The diameter of a white blood cell is about 10 μm
The smallest bacteria are about 0.2 μm; typical bacteria range from one to several micrometres
Nanotechnology	10−9	0.1–100 nm	The size of a typical virus is about 75–100 nm. The diameter of a DNA molecule is about 3 nm
Picotechnology	10−12	0.1–100 pm	The radius of a hydrogen atom is about 23 pm; that of ha carbon atom is about 80 pm
Femtotechnology	10−15	0.1–100 fm	The size of a typical atomic nucleus is about 10 fm
The time for an electron to circle an atom is about 1 fs (10−6 ns)
Attotechnology	10−18	0.1–100 am	The size of an electron is about 1 am

Table 2 Some decimal-multiple prefixes for units in science and technology

SI prefix	Symbol	Meaning	Synonym
Yotta	Y	1024	Septillion
Zetta	Z	1021	Sextillion
Exa	E	1018	Quintrillion
Peta	P	1015	Quadrillion, quad, quartrillion
Tera	T	1012	Trillion
Giga	G	109	Billion, thousand million, milliard
Mega	M	106	Million
Kilo	k	103	Thousand
Hecto	h	102
Deka	da	101
100
Deci	d	10−1
Centi	c	10−2	Hundredth
Milli	m	10−3	Thousandth
Micro	μ	10−6	Millionth
Nano	n	10−9	Billionth
Pico	p	10−12	Trillionth
Femto	f	10−15	Quadrillionth
Atto	a	10−18	Quintrillionth
Zepto	z	10−21	Sextillionth
Yocto	y	10−24	Septillionth

Table 3 Types of colloidal dispersion

Dispersed phase

Dispersion ...