Nanotechnology Applications for Solar Energy Systems

4 Nanotechnology for Heat Transfer

Zafar Said ^1,2,3,*, Maham Aslam Sohail1, and Evangelos Bellos⁴

¹ Sustainable Energy Development Research Group, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates² U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan³ Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon⁴ Thermal Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece^* Corresponding author

4.1 Introduction

From the human understanding of nature and the physical world, for thousands of years, but via research and investigations that have followed over the past few centuries, human knowledge of macroscopic and microscopic aspects of nature and the physical world have made significant developments.

Nanotechnology is regarded as a multidisciplinary field intended to prepare and tune materials from the atomic or molecular level. It is a sophisticated discipline of research and development that allocates the fabrication of a wide range of materials with one dimension of fewer than 100 nanometers (nm). Nanotechnological research and development have been pointed toward a detailed understanding and innovation of developing materials, devices, and systems to demonstrate and utilize novel properties. In 1974, Taniguchi [1] initially defined nanotechnology as a high-accuracy, high-fineness area ...