12A Review on the Advancements of Nanomembranes for Water Treatment
Lavanya Madhura and Shalini Singh
Durban University of Technology, Department of Operations and Quality Management, Durban 4000, South Africa
12.1 Introduction
Membranes are the physical barriers that allow ions/molecules/materials of specific shape, size, and character to pass through it. In general, liquid/liquid and liquid/solid separation is a pressure-driven membrane process that includes four types, namely, ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and microfiltration (MF). The membranes are prepared in various shapes such as tubular, hallow fiber, and spiral, which have different separation efficiencies.
Ultrafiltration is a pressure-driven process ...
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