Natural Gas Processing from Midstream to Downstream

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Dedication
3. List of Contributors
4. About the Editors
5. Preface
   1. Section 1: Introduction
   2. Section 2: Upstream
   3. Section 3: Midstream
   4. Section 4: Downstream
6. 1 Introduction to Natural Gas Monetization
   1. 1.1 Introduction
   2. 1.2 Natural Gas Chain
   3. 1.3 Monetization Routes for Natural Gas
   4. 1.4 Natural Gas Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels
   5. 1.5 Summary
   6. Acknowledgment
   7. References
7. 2 Techno‐Economic Analyses and Policy Implications of Environmental Remediation of Shale Gas Wells in the Barnett Shales
   1. 2.1 Introduction
   2. 2.2 Shale Gas Operations
   3. 2.3 The Barnett Shale
   4. 2.4 Environmental Remediation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using Natural Gas as a Fuel
   5. 2.5 Environmental Remediation of Water and Seismic Impacts
   6. 2.6 Theoretical Calculations
   7. 2.7 Results and Discussion
   8. 2.8 Opportunities for Future Research
   9. References
8. 3 Thermodynamic Modeling of Natural Gas and Gas Condensate Mixtures
   1. 3.1 Introduction
   2. 3.2 Thermodynamic Models
   3. 3.3 Prediction of Natural Gas Dew Points
   4. 3.4 Prediction of Dew Points and Liquid Dropout in Gas Condensates
   5. 3.5 Case Study: Simulation of a Topside Offshore Process
   6. 3.6 Concluding Remarks
   7. References
9. 4 CO2 Injection in Coal Formations for Enhanced Coalbed Methane and CO2 Sequestration
   1. 4.1 Coalbed Characteristics
   2. 4.2 Adsorption Isotherm Behavior
   3. 4.3 Coal Wettability
   4. 4.4 CO2 Injectivity
   5. 4.5 Pilot Field Tests
   6. 4.6 Conclusions
   7. References
10. 5 Fluid Flow: Basics
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Thermodynamics of Fluids
    3. 5.3 Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics
    4. 5.4 Incompressible Pipeline Flow
    5. 5.5 Laminar Flow
    6. 5.6 Compressible Pipeline Flow
    7. 5.7 Comparison with Crane Handbook
    8. References
11. 6 Fluid Flow: Advanced Topics
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Notation
    3. 6.3 Piping Networks
    4. 6.4 Meters
    5. 6.5 Control Valves
    6. 6.6 Two‐Phase Gas‐Liquid Flow
    7. References
12. 7 Use of Process Simulators Upstream Through Midstream
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Upstream
    3. 7.3 Midstream
    4. 7.4 Going Further
    5. Acknowledgement
    6. References
13. 8 Optimization of Natural Gas Network Operation under Uncertainty
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Literature Review
    3. 8.3 Natural Gas Supply Chains
    4. 8.4 Optimization Model
    5. 8.5 Computation Study
    6. 8.6 Results and Discussion
    7. 8.7 Conclusions and Recommendations
    8. References
    9. Appendix
14. 9 A Multicriteria Optimization Approach to the Synthesis of Shale Gas Monetization Supply Chains
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Methodology
    3. 9.3 Case Study
    4. 9.4 Case Study Results
    5. 9.5 Conclusion
    6. References
15. 10 Study for the Optimal Operation of Natural Gas Liquid Recovery and Natural Gas Production
    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 Methodology Framework
    3. 10.3 New Process Design for NGL Recovery
    4. 10.4 Thermodynamic Analysis for Propane Refrigeration System
    5. 10.5 Optimization for Natural Gas Liquefaction
    6. 10.6 Conclusion
    7. Acknowledgements
    8. Abbreviations
    9. Nomenclature
    10. References
16. 11 Modeling and Optimization of Natural Gas Processing and Production Networks
    1. 11.1. Introduction
    2. 11.2 Background and Process Description
    3. 11.3 Simulation of Natural Gas Processing and Production Network
    4. 11.4 LP Model for Natural Gas Processing and Production Network
    5. 11.5 MILP Model for Design and Synthesis of Natural Gas Upstream Processing Network
    6. 11.6. MILP Model for Design and Synthesis of Natural Gas Production Network
    7. 11.7. Sustainability Assessment of Natural Gas Network
    8. 11.8. Conclusion
    9. References
17. 12 Process Safety in Natural Gas Industries
    1. Introduction
    2. Incident History
    3. Process Safety Methods
    4. Equipment and Plant Reliability
    5. Facility Siting and Layout Optimization
    6. Relief System Design
    7. Toxic and Heavy Gas Dispersion
    8. Fire and Explosion
    9. Effective Mitigation System
    10. Regulatory Program and Management Systems for Process Safety and Risks
    11. Concluding Remarks
    12. Nomenclature
    13. References
18. 13 Thermodynamic Modeling of Relevance to Natural Gas Processing
    1. 13.1 Introduction to the Problem
    2. 13.2 The Models
    3. 13.3 Systems Studied and Selected Results: Part 1. No Chemicals
    4. 13.4 Systems Studied and Selected Results: Part 2. With Chemicals
    5. 13.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
    6. Nomenclature
    7. Acknowledgment
    8. References
19. 14 Light Alkane Aromatization: Efficient use of Natural Gas
    1. 14.1 Introduction
    2. 14.2 Aromatization of Light Alkanes
    3. 14.3 Future Perspective
    4. References
20. 15 Techno‐Economic Analysis of Monetizing Shale Gas to Butadiene
    1. 15.1 Introduction
    2. 15.2 Process Description
    3. 15.3 Techno‐Economic Analysis
    4. 15.4 Conclusions
    5. References
21. 16 Fractionation of the Gas‐to‐Liquid Diesel Fuels for Production of On‐Specification Diesel and Value‐Added Chemicals
    1. 16.1 Introduction
    2. 16.2 Experimental Study to Measure Properties of GTL Diesel for Different Specifications
    3. 16.3 Experimental Study Results and Discussion
    4. 16.4 Mathematical Models for Properties‐Composition Relationship
    5. 16.8 Summary and Conclusion
    6. References
22. 17 An Energy Integrated Approach to Design a Supercritical Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Products Separation and Solvent Recovery System
    1. 17.1 Introduction
    2. 17.2 Approach and Methodology
    3. 17.3 Results and Discussion
    4. 17.4 Conclusion
    5. Acknowledgements
    6. References
23. 18 Multi‐Scale Models for the Prediction of Microscopic Structure and Physical Properties of Chemical Systems Related to Natural Gas Technology
    1. 18.1 Introduction
    2. 18.2 Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation: Modeling Gas Hydrates
    3. 18.3 Modeling Porous Media in Separation and Storage Procedures
    4. 18.4 Molecular Simulation of Downstream Natural Gas Processing: The GTL Technology
    5. 18.5 Future Outlook
    6. List of Abbreviations
    7. Acknowledgements
    8. References
24. 19 Natural Gas to Acetylene (GTA)/Ethylene (GTE)/Liquid Fuels (GTL) The Synfuels International, Inc. Process
    1. 19.1 Introduction
    2. 19.2 Additive and Subtractive Processes
    3. 19.3 The Synfuels Process
    4. 19.4 Pilot Plant
    5. 19.5 Location, Location, Location
    6. 19.6 Biofuels
    7. 19.7 Conclusion
25. 20 Natural‐Gas‐Based SOFC in Distributed Electricity Generation: Modeling and Control
    1. 20.1 Introduction
    2. 20.2 Mathematical Model
    3. 20.3 Simulation
    4. 20.4 Multiparametric Model Predictive Control (mpMPC)
    5. 20.5 Closed‐Loop Validation and Results
    6. 20.6 Conclusion
    7. References
26. 21 Design of Synthetic Jet Fuel Using Multivariate Statistical Methods
    1. 21.1 Introduction
    2. 21.2 Methodology
    3. 21.3 Results and Discussions
    4. 21.4 Conclusions
    5. Acknowledgements
    6. References
27. Index
28. End User License Agreement