Appendix

Detailed Models

This appendix contains further models and information that can be useful for some readers of this book. For example, the protocols section may be useful for hardware designers who wish to work in networking but need a quick self-contained overview of protocols such as TCP and IP to orient themselves. On the other hand, the hardware section provides insights that may be useful for software designers without requiring a great deal of reading. The switch section provides some more details about switching theory.

A.1 TCP AND IP

To be self-contained, Section A.1.1 provides a very brief sketch of how TCP operates, and Section A.1.2 briefly describes how IP routing operates.

A.1.1 Transport Protocols

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