Networking Bible

Chapter 3. Architecture and Design

IN THIS CHAPTER

• Different network topologies

• How network connections influence network types

• Segments and routing

• Different network architectures

In this chapter, you learn about different aspects of network design and architecture. Designs can be based on different connection types and topologies; architectures are network systems based on a common protocol. In determining whether you are considering an architecture or topology, an argument based on the highest-level protocol used is presented. Topologies are based on physical transport, while architectures use higher-level protocols.

Different point-to-point connections are considered. Four different types of connections between endpoints can be specified: physical connections, virtual connections, transient connections, and links where there is no defined (unique) connection. These different types are the basis for all modern networks.

A collection of nodes sharing a common physical medium is called a segment. Segments are the basic unit of networks; they do not have to have their traffic mediated, and nodes share a common logical address as opposed to a node's physical (e.g., Media Access Control or MAC) address. Segments also define collision domains.

To separate segments, you add connection points such as switches or routers. Networks with multiple segments must have traffic travel over defined routes. These routes may have any of the four kinds of connections. Routing can be 1:1 or unicast, 1:many ...