Node.js, MongoDB, and AngularJS Web Development

Implementing Middleware Functions

Mongoose provides a middleware framework where pre and post functions are called before and after the init(), validate(), save(), and remove() methods on a Document object. A middleware framework allows you to implement functionality that should be applied before or after a specific step in a process. For example, when creating word documents using the model defined earlier in this chapter, you might want to automatically set the size to the length of the word field, as shown in the following pre() save() middleware function:

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Words.schema.pre('save', function (next) {  console.log('%s is about to be saved', this.word);  console.log('Setting size to %d', this.word.length);  this.size ...