2
RELATED WORK
This chapter discusses the contemporary steganography approaches found in the literature and highlights their shortcomings. The published schemes are categorized, based on the steganographic cover type, into textual and non-textual schemes; each is discussed in a distinct section.
2.1 Textual Steganography
Textual steganography approaches conceal data in a text cover. These approaches can be categorized as follows.
2.1.1 Textual Format Manipulation (TFM)
This is a nonlinguistic steganography technique that hides data by exploiting the format of text [23]. TFM modifies an original text by employing spaces, misspellings, fonts, font size, font style, colors, and non-color (as invisible ink) to embed an encoded message. However, comparing ...
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