Book description
With energy sustainability at the forefront of public discussion worldwide, there is a vital requirement to foster an understanding of safe alternative sources of energy such as solar and wind power. Tailored to the requirements of undergraduate students of engineering, Non-conventional Energy Resources provides a comprehensive coverage of the basic principles, working and utilization of all key renewable power sources"solar, wind, hydel, biomass, hyower and fuel cells. The book also consists of several solved and unsolved questions for thorough practice and revision.Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Contents
- Preface
- About the Author
-
Chapter 1: NCER—An Overview
- 1.1 History of Human Civilization
- 1.2 World Population and Energy Consumption Pattern Projection
- 1.3 Energy Systems Model
- 1.4 System Acceptability Index (δ)
- 1.5 Causes of Energy Scarcity
- 1.6 Solution to Energy Crisis or Scarcity
- 1.7 Factors Affecting Energy Resource Development
- 1.8 Quality of Energy Form
- 1.9 Energy Resources and Classification
- 1.10 Energy Transfer Frames
- 1.11 Energy Conversion
- 1.12 Renewable Energy
- 1.13 Oil Shale
- 1.14 Energy Storage
- 1.15 Conclusions
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 2: Energy from the Sun
- 2.1 Sun–Earth Geometric Relationship
- 2.2 Layer of the Sun
-
2.3 Earth-Sun Angles and their Relationships
- 2.3.1 Hour Angle (ω)
- 2.3.2 Equation of Time
- 2.3.3 Declination Angle (δ)
- 2.3.4 Latitude Angle (ϕ)
- 2.3.5 Solar Altitude Angle (α)
- 2.3.6 Solar Elevation Angle (α)
- 2.3.7 Surface Azimuth Angle (γ)
- 2.3.8 Relationship Between Different Sun–Earth Angles
- 2.3.9 Sunrise, Sunset, and Day length Equations
- 2.3.10 Solar Time
- 2.4 Solar Energy Reaching the Earth’s Surface
- 2.5 Solar Thermal Energy Applications
- 2.6 Solar Thermal Energy Storage
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 3: Solar Thermal Energy Collectors
- 3.1 Types of Solar Collectors
-
3.2 Configurations of Certain Practical Solar Thermal Collectors
- 3.2.1 Flat Plate Collectors
- 3.2.2 Glazed Flat Plate Collectors
- 3.2.3 Unglazed Flat Plate Solar Collectors
- 3.2.4 Unglazed Perforated Plate Collectors
- 3.2.5 Back-pass Solar Collectors
- 3.2.6 Batch Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collectors
- 3.2.7 Flat Plate Collectors with Flat Reflectors
- 3.2.8 Evacuated Tube Collectors
- 3.3 Material Aspects of Solar Collectors
- 3.4 Concentrating Collectors
- 3.5 Parabolic Dish–Stirling Engine System
- 3.6 Working of Stirling or Brayton Heat Engine
- 3.7 Solar Collector Systems into Building Services
- 3.8 Solar Water Heating Systems
- 3.9 Passive Solar Water Heating Systems
- 3.10 Applications of Solar Water Heating Systems
- 3.11 Active Solar Space Cooling
- 3.12 Solar Air Heating
- 3.13 Solar Dryers
- 3.14 Crop Drying
- 3.15 Space Cooling
- 3.16 Solar Cookers
- 3.17 Solar Pond
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 4: Solar Cells
- 4.1 Need for Solar Cells
- 4.2 Solar Cell Materials
- 4.3 Practical Solar Cells
- 4.4 Functions of a Solar Cell
- 4.5 Theory of Solar Cell (Photovoltaic Cell)
- 4.6 Efficiency of Solar Cells
- 4.7 Photovoltaic Panels (Series and Parallel Arrays)
-
4.8 Application of Solar Cell Systems
- 4.8.1 Solar Water Pumps
- 4.8.2 Solar Vehicle
- 4.8.3 Solar Lanterns
- 4.8.4 Solar Panels on Spacecraft
- 4.8.5 Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Systems
- 4.8.6 Cathodic Protection Systems
- 4.8.7 Electric Fences
- 4.8.8 Remote Lighting Systems
- 4.8.9 Telecommunications and Remote Monitoring Systems
- 4.8.10 Rural Electrification
- 4.8.11 Water Treatment Systems
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 5: Hydrogen Energy
- 5.1 Benefits of Hydrogen Energy
- 5.2 Hydrogen Production Technologies
- 5.3 Hydrogen Energy Storage
- 5.4 Use of Hydrogen Energy
- 5.5 Applications of Hydrogen Energy
- 5.6 Advantages of Hydrogen Energy
- 5.7 Disadvantages of Hydrogen Energy
- 5.8 Problems Associated with Hydrogen Energy
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 6: Wind Energy
- 6.1 Windmills
- 6.2 Wind Turbines
- 6.3 Energy Availability in the Wind
- 6.4 Wind Resources
- 6.5 Wind Turbine Site Selection
- 6.6 Classification and Description of Wind Machines
- 6.7 Principles of Wind Energy Conversion (Aerodynamics)
- 6.8 Mathematical Model of Extraction of Energy from the Wind
- 6.9 Simple Wind Turbine Theory
- 6.10 Characteristics of Windmill Rotors (Rotor Design)
- 6.11 Types of Generators Used With Wind Turbines
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter 7: Geothermal Energy
-
Chapter 8: Solid Wastes and Agricultural Refuse
- 8.1 Waste is Wealth
- 8.2 Key Issues
- 8.3 Waste Recovery Management Scheme
- 8.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste Recycling
- 8.5 Sources and Types of Wastes
-
8.6 Recycling of Plastics
- 8.6.1 Recycling of Plastics
- 8.6.2 Plastic Resin Identification Code
- 8.6.3 Benefits of Plastic Recycling
- 8.6.4 Thermal Depolymerization
- 8.6.5 Plastic Waste to Oil Production in India
- 8.6.6 Waste Plastic to Electricity Generation
- 8.6.7 Advantages of Recycling of Plastics
- 8.6.8 Disadvantages of Recycling of Plastics
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 9: Biomass Energy
- 9.1 Biomass Production
- 9.2 Energy Plantation
- 9.3 Biomass Gasification
- 9.4 Theory of Gasification
- 9.5 Gasifier and their Classifications
- 9.6 Chemistry of Reaction Process in Gasification
- 9.7 Updraft Gasifiers
- 9.8 Downdraft Gasifier
- 9.9 Cross-Draft Gasifier
- 9.10 Fluidized Bed Gasification
- 9.11 Use of Biomass Gasifier
- 9.12 Gasifier Biomass feed Characteristics
- 9.13 Applications of Biomass Gasifiers
- 9.14 Cooling and Cleaning of Gas
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter 10: Biogas Energy
-
Chapter 11: Tidal Energy
- 11.1 General
- 11.2 Tidal Energy Resource
- 11.3 Tidal Energy Availability
- 11.4 Tidal Power Generation in India
- 11.5 Leading Country in Tidal Power Plant Installation
- 11.6 Energy Availability in Tides
- 11.7 Tidal power basin
- 11.8 Turbines for Tidal Power
- 11.9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tidal Power
- 11.10 Problems Faced in Exploiting Tidal Energy
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter 12: Sea Wave Energy
-
Chapter 13: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
- 13.3 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plants
- 13.4 Basic Rankine Cycle and its Working
- 13.5 Closed Cycle, Open Cycle, and Hybrid Cycle
- 13.6 Carnot Cycle
- 13.7 Application of OTEC in Addition to Produce Electricity
- 13.8 Advantages, Disadvantages and Benefits of OTEC
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 14: Fuel Cell
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Schematic of Fuel Cell
- 14.3 Basic Characteristics
- 14.4 Fuel Cell Functionality
- 14.5 Fuel Cells Versus Traditional Electricity Generation
- 14.6 Performances of Fuel Cells Versus Others
- 14.7 Fuel Cell Construction (Historical Development)
- 14.8 Types of Fuel Cells: Design
- 14.9 Schematic and Working of Different Types of Fuel Cell
- 14.10 Sources of Overvoltage in a Fuel Cell
- 14.11 Fuels for Fuel Cells
- 14.12 Series Parallel Connection of Fuel Cell
- 14.13 Advantages of Fuel Cell
- 14.14 Disadvantages of Fuel Cells
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 15: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation
- 15.1 General
- 15.2 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Versus MHD
- 15.3 MHD Generator and its Working
- 15.4 Principle and Performances
- 15.5 MHD System Components
- 15.6 PLASMA
- 15.7 Schematic Diagram and Working of Liquid Metal MHD
- 15.8 Types of MHD System
- 15.9 Advantages of MHD System
- 15.10 Disadvantages of MHD System
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 16: Thermoelectric Converters
- 16.1 Basic Configuration of Thermoelectric Converters
- 16.2 Major Heat Sources-Based Thermoelectric Generators
- 16.3 Principles of Operation
- 16.4 Thermoelectric Materials
- 16.5 Analysis of a Concentrated Solar Thermoelectric Conversion
- 16.6 Thermoelectric Converter Modules and Applications
- 16.7 Advantages and Disadvantages
- 16.8 Recent Ongoing Development
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter 17: Thermionic Converters
-
Chapter 18: Concept of Energy Conservation and Energy Management
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Concept of Energy Management
-
18.3 Fundamental Principles of Energy Management
- 18.3.1 Review of Past Pattern of Energy Use
- 18.3.2 Review of Current Pattern of Energy Use
- 18.3.3 Improvement in Housekeeping and Maintenance
- 18.3.4 Analysis of Energy Use
- 18.3.5 Economic Calculation
- 18.3.6 Material Substitution
- 18.3.7 Material Economy
- 18.3.8 Material Quality
- 18.3.9 Use More Efficient Equipment and Appliances
- 18.3.10 Employing Special Techniques to Reduce Losses
- 18.3.11 Use More Efficient Processes
- 18.3.12 Energy Containment
- 18.3.13 Aggregation of Energy Uses
- 18.3.14 Fuels and Energy Substitutions
- 18.3.15 Cascade Energy Use
- 18.3.16 Development of Simple and Highly Efficient Energy Conversion Principle
- 18.3.17 Development of Energy Storage System
-
18.4 Strategy for Energy Management
- 18.4.1 Decision to Undertake Program
- 18.4.2 Commitment by Management
- 18.4.3 Statement of Objectives
- 18.4.4 Database and Information Collection
- 18.4.5 Energy Audit
- 18.4.6 Computer Analysis and Simulation
- 18.4.7 Energy Efficiency Analysis
- 18.4.8 Energy Economics
- 18.4.9 People’s Involvement
- 18.4.10 Implementation
- 18.4.11 Verification
- 18.5 Energy Savings Tips
- 18.6 Constraints and Considerations for Implementing Energy Conservation and Management Program
- Summary
- Review Questions
-
Chapter 19: Energy Conservation and Management in Different Energy Activity Sector
- 19.1 General
- 19.2 Energy Measurement Systems in Industry
- 19.3 Energy Management with Electric Power Supply Systems
- 19.4 Energy Management Opportunities with Lighting Systems
- 19.5 Energy Management Opportunities with Electric Motors
- 19.6 Energy Management Opportunities with Household Electric Appliance
- 19.7 Energy Management Opportunity with HVAC Systems
- 19.8 Energy Saving Tips for Other Industrial Processes
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Appendix A: Multiple Choice Questions Chapter Wise
- Appendix B: Multiple Choice Objective Questions on Energy Systems
- Appendix C: Terms and Definition
- Bibliography
Product information
- Title: Non Conventional Energy Resources
- Author(s):
- Release date: May 2015
- Publisher(s): Pearson Education India
- ISBN: 9789332579149
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