Non-Crimp Fabric Composites

Non-Crimp Fabric Composites

by Stepan Lomov
Released April 2011
Publisher(s): Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9780857092533

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Book description

Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites are reinforced with mats of straight (non-crimped) fibres, giving them such advantages as strength, ease of handling and low manufacturing costs. Non-crimp fabric composites provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering.

Part one covers the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis. Part two goes on to discuss the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites, with chapters covering such topics as deformability and permeability of NCF. Part three focuses on the properties of NCF composites, with chapters on stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue. Finally, part four covers the applications of NCF composites, including chapters on the aerospace and automotive industries as well as wind turbines and helicopter applications. The book concludes with a discussion of cost analysis of NCF composites in engineering applications.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-crimp fabric composites is an essential reference for composite manufacturers and structural and mechanical engineers in industries using NCF composites, as well as academics with a research interest in the field.

  • Provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering
  • Reviews the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis
  • Examines the properties of NCF composites considering stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue

Table of contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Title page
  3. Table of Contents
  4. Copyright
  5. Contributor contact details
  6. Introduction
  7. Part I: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabrics
    1. Chapter 1: Production of non-crimp fabrics for composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 1.1 Introduction
      3. 1.2 Warp-knitted non-crimp fabric (NCF)
      4. 1.3 Weft-knitted NCF
      5. 1.4 Non-crimp woven fabrics
      6. 1.5 3D woven and non-interlaced NCF
      7. 1.6 Fixation by adhesion
      8. 1.7 Comparison of production technologies
      9. 1.8 Future trends
      10. 1.9 Acknowledgments
    2. Chapter 2: Standardisation of production technologies for non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 2.1 Introduction
      3. 2.2 Classification and standardisation of non-crimp fabric (NCF) production methods
      4. 2.3 Outstanding patents of existing machines for the production of NCFs
      5. 2.4 The ‘Hexcel patent’ – EP 0972102 B1
      6. 2.5 Product patents in the production of NCFs
      7. 2.6 Immobilisation of adhesive on the surface of semi-finished textile products (DE 102008004112 A1)
    3. Chapter 3: Structural stitching of non-crimp fabric preforms for composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 3.1 Introduction
      3. 3.2 Threads for structural stitching technology
      4. 3.3 Stitching technology and sewing machines
      5. 3.4 Quality aspects for structural stitching
      6. 3.5 Applications and future trends
    4. Chapter 4: Understanding and modelling the effect of stitching on the geometry of non-crimp fabrics
      1. Abstract:
      2. 4.1 Introduction
      3. 4.2 General parameters of the fibrous plies
      4. 4.3 Geometry of the stitching
      5. 4.4 Distortions of fibres in the plies
      6. 4.5 Change of the geometry after shear
      7. 4.6 A geometrical model of NCF
      8. 4.7 Conclusion
    5. Chapter 5: Automated analysis of defects in non-crimp fabrics for composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 5.1 Motivation
      3. 5.2 Quality characteristics of non-crimp fabric (NCF)
      4. 5.3 Quality analysis of NCF by digital image analysis
      5. 5.4 Future trends
  8. Part II: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabric composites
    1. Chapter 6: Deformability of textile performs in the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 6.1 Introduction
      3. 6.2 Shear
      4. 6.3 Biaxial tension
      5. 6.4 Compression
      6. 6.5 Bending
      7. 6.6 Conclusion
    2. Chapter 7: Modelling the deformability of biaxial non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 7.1 Introduction
      3. 7.2 Behaviour of fabric architecture on the shear and draping behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)
      4. 7.3 Modelling strategies for NCF forming
      5. 7.4 Energy-based kinematic mapping
      6. 7.5 Finite element modelling of forming for NCFs
      7. 7.6 Future trends
      8. 7.7 Further information and advice
    3. Chapter 8: Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms
      1. Abstract:
      2. 8.1 Introduction
      3. 8.2 Experimental permeability results
      4. 8.3 Geometric effects
      5. 8.4 Deformation and permeability
      6. 8.5 Conclusions
      7. 8.6 Acknowledgements
      8. 8.8 Appendix: nomenclature
    4. Chapter 9: Understanding variability in the permeability of non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements
      1. Abstract:
      2. 9.1 Introduction
      3. 9.2 Material characterisation
      4. 9.3 Permeability measurement
      5. 9.4 Modelling and simulation
      6. 9.5 Future trends
    5. Chapter 10: Modelling of the permeability of non-crimp fabrics for composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 10.1 Introduction
      3. 10.2 Numerical simulation
      4. 10.3 Experimental validation
      5. 10.4 Parametric study
      6. 10.5 Influence of shear
      7. 10.6 Conclusion
      8. 10.7 Acknowledgements
  9. Part III: Properties of non-crimp fabric composites
    1. Chapter 11: Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) based composites: stiffness and strength
      1. Abstract:
      2. 11.1 Introduction
      3. 11.2 Materials and composite production
      4. 11.3 Test procedures
      5. 11.4 Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
      6. 11.5 Mechanical properties of composites based on sheared MMCF
      7. 11.6 Damage development in B2 (0°/90°) laminates
      8. 11.8 Damage initiation in non-sheared and sheared materials
      9. 11.9 Conclusions
    2. Chapter 12: Damage progression in non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 12.1 Introduction
      3. 12.2 Damage progression in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites due to in-plane loading
      4. 12.3 Damage progression in impacted NCF composites
      5. 12.4 Conclusions
    3. Chapter 13: Fatigue in non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 13.1 Introduction
      3. 13.2 Fatigue in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
      4. 13.3 Post-fatigue residual properties
      5. 13.4 Conclusions and open questions
      6. 13.6 Appendix
    4. Chapter 14: Mechanical properties of structurally stitched non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 14.1 Introduction
      3. 14.2 Materials and stitching configurations
      4. 14.3 Characterisation of structurally stitched NCF laminates
      5. 14.4 Simulation of mechanical behaviour of structurally stitched laminates
      6. 14.5 Conclusions and future trends
    5. Chapter 15: Predicting the effect of stitching on the mechanical properties and damage of non-crimp fabric composites: finite element analysis
      1. Abstract:
      2. 15.1 Introduction
      3. 15.2 Representative volume element (RVE) of noncrimp fabric (NCF) composites
      4. 15.3 Elastic analysis
      5. 15.4 Damage accumulation in NCF composites
      6. 15.5 Conclusions
    6. Chapter 16: Modelling drape, stress and impact behaviour of non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 16.1 Finite element (FE) methods for drape, stress and impact analysis
      3. 16.2 Laminate analysis and FE stiffness for non-crimp fabric (NCF)
      4. 16.3 FE methods for infusion analysis
      5. 16.4 Draping and FE simulation
      6. 16.5 Infusion simulation
      7. 16.6 Stiffness and failure
      8. 16.7 Impact and failure
    7. Chapter 17: Modelling stiffness and strength of non-crimp fabric composites: semi-laminar analysis
      1. Abstract:
      2. 17.1 Introduction
      3. 17.2 Stiffness models
      4. 17.3 Strength models for non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites
      5. 17.4 Conclusions
  10. Part IV: Applications of non-crimp fabric composites
    1. Chapter 18: Aerospace applications of non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 18.1 Introduction
      3. 18.2 Aeronautic requirements
      4. 18.3 Application examples
      5. 18.4 Future trends
    2. Chapter 19: Non-crimp fabric: preforming analysis for helicopter applications
      1. Abstract:
      2. 19.1 Introduction
      3. 19.2 Preform techniques for non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)
      4. 19.3 Main NCF deformation mechanism observed during preforming
      5. 19.4 Preforming defect analysis
      6. 19.5 Conclusion and future trends
    3. Chapter 20: Automotive applications of non-crimp fabric composites
      1. Abstract:
      2. 20.1 Introduction
      3. 20.2 Applications of non-crimp fabrics (NCF) in the automotive industry
      4. 20.3 Research and development for the use of NCF in automotive applications
      5. 20.4 Future trends
      6. 20.5 Conclusion
    4. Chapter 21: Non-crimp fabric composites in wind turbines
      1. Abstract:
      2. 21.1 Introduction
      3. 21.2 Development of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites in wind energy
      4. 21.3 NCF materials used in nacelle construction
      5. 21.4 Future trends
    5. Chapter 22: Cost analysis in using non-crimp fabric composites in engineering applications
      1. Abstract:
      2. 22.1 Introduction
      3. 22.2 Costing methodologies: current approaches
      4. 22.3 Technical cost modelling
      5. 22.4 Case study: 40 m wind turbine blade shell
      6. 22.5 Acknowledgements
  11. Index

Product information

  • Title: Non-Crimp Fabric Composites
  • Author(s): Stepan Lomov
  • Release date: April 2011
  • Publisher(s): Woodhead Publishing
  • ISBN: 9780857092533