Nonparametric Statistics with Applications to Science and Engineering with R, 2nd Edition

Appendix BR Coding

I've got a lot to say, I've got a lot to say,

I've got a lot to say, I've got a lot to say.

I can't remember now, I can't remember now,

I can't remember now, I can't remember now

The Ramones

B.1 Programming in R

This appendix provides little more than a reference for R‐commands that are used frequently or applied in this textbook. We recommend you program using RStudio. If you have not yet installed R on your computer, you can download it (for free) at

Once you have R installed, you can also install RStudio at

By creating R notebooks with RStudio, users can conveniently create programs and subprograms that can be run separately (in “chunks”). Figure B.1 displays the interactive environment for an RStudio session. The four windows shown have specific uses in programming:

• Main Program Window in the upper left corner: where you can type code (in chunks) and save it. You can separate subprograms into chunks that can generate output as well. This is the main window of use.
• Console in the lower left corner: for typing commands and generating output. This is what you see if you run R in the command line (without the aid of RStudio).

  

  Figure B.1 RStudio console ...