CHAPTER 1
Sets, Relations and Functions
CHAPTER AT A GLANCE
Relations
Ordered Pair
A pair of objects listed in a specific order is called an ordered pair. It is written by listing the two objects in specific order separating them by a comma and then enclosing the pair in parentheses.
In the ordered pair (a, b), a is called the first element and b is called the second element.
Two ordered pairs are set to be equal if their corresponding elements are equal.
i.e., (a, b) = (c, d) if a = c and b = d.
Cartesian Product
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a, b), where a ∈ A and b ∈ B i.e., {(a, b); a ∈ A and b ∈ B} is called the Cartesian product of A to B and is denoted by A × B. Usually A × B ≠ B × A.
Similarly, A × B × C = {(a, b,
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