Chapter 2
2.30
1.
External Influences:
Your culture or media exposure
can shape your world view.
2.
Personal Bias:
Your beliefs and experiences can
impact your judgment.
3.
Observer Bias:
People may interpret events differ-
ently, influenced by their backgrounds and roles.
4.
Expectancy Bias:
Researchers may see what they
expect, rather than staying objective.
5.
Placebo Bias:
People might believe in a treatment’s
effectiveness, even when it’s a placebo. Patients feel
better because they believe they are receiving a ben-
eficial treatment, even though the treatment itself is
inactive or a placebo..
Testing of Hypothesis ...
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