NTA UGC NET '24 Paper 1 by KVS Madaan| Teaching and Research Aptitude NET/SET/JRF |Includes 2023 Paper (2 Sets) & 23 years chapter wise solved Previous Year Questions

Chapter 9

9.4

plants, animals, and microorganisms coexist and interact

within their specific aquatic environment.

1.

Biological Components (Biotic):

This includes all

the living things in the pond, such as plants, animals

(frogs, fish, insects), bacteria, and algae.

2.

Physical Components (Abiotic):

These are the non-

living parts of the ecosystem, such as water, soil,

nutrients, sunlight, and temperature.

The other components worth most discussing are as

follows:

E

NERGY

F

LOW

, F

OOD

C

HAINS

AND

N

UTRIENT

C

YCLES

Energy Flow:

The Sun is the primary source of energy for

most ecosystems. Sunlight is captured by producers, ...