1Basic Principle of Nonlocalities
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The study of chaotic states in dynamic systems, where the state variables are extremely sensitive to the beginning circumstances, is the subject of the mathematical field known as chaos theory. It is believed that the chaos theory is an interdisciplinary theory that addresses the unpredictability associated with large chaotic systems, self-organisation, their ongoing feedback loops, self-similarity, recurrence, and fractals. A key illustration of chaos theory is the butterfly effect, which demonstrates how slight changes in the state variable of nonlinear deterministic systems may result in significant changes in the state later. It implies that there is a delicate ...
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