An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is an equation that involves the derivatives of one independent variable. The term “ordinary” is used in contrast with the term partial differential equation (PDE), which involves more than one independent variable. Differential equations arise in many contexts of mathematics and sciences. More often than not, it is easier to describe the changes, dynamics, or variations of a system than the system itself. The system itself can be complex, but its dynamics may be simple (or simpler). For instance, it is not always easy (or even feasible) ...