10 Observability and particle physics
For the main definitions and statements of a symmetry group, or gauge group, invariance under transformations, noncommutative Yang–Mills theory from the classic Mathematics point of view, see the book [1].
Contemporary Physics deals with various classic matrix Lie groups and algebras. We are talking now about Relativity theory, Quantum Mechanics, Yang–Mills theory, including Maxwell electrodynamic equations, Yang–Mills equations, Grand unified theories, Standard model of particle physics, and some others. Classic Physics builds its models based on classic Mathematics linear algebra, mathematical and functional analysis, differential geometry, Lie group and algebra theory.
U(1)−1
The classic example ...
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