List of symbols
| 1P | The fundamental rotational frequency |
| Ab | Bolt stress area |
| Af | Effective cross-sectional area for the compressed flanges |
| As | Surface area to be protected |
| Amid | Area inscribed by the mid-thickness line |
| A | Cross-sectional area |
| CMxoff | Offset of rotor nacelle assembly (RNA) along x from tower-top centerline |
| CMyoff | Offset of RNA along y from tower-top centerline |
| CMzoff | Offset of RNA along z from tower-top centerline |
| Cd | Drag coefficient |
| Cm | Added mass coefficient |
| C | Constant in the σ–N curve |
| DTRb | Tower-base DTR |
| Table Continued | |
| DTRt | Tower-top DTR |
| DTR | Diameter-to-thickness ratio |
| Db | Tower-base outer diameter (OD) |
| Dt | Tower-top OD |
| Dbc | Bolt circle diameter in the flange connection ... |
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