A filter is said to be linear if its application corresponds to replacing a pixel with a weighted sum of neighboring pixels. This is the case with the mean filter in which a pixel is replaced by the sum of all pixels in a rectangular neighborhood and divided by the size of this neighborhood (to get the average value). This is like multiplying each neighboring pixel by 1 over the total number of pixels and summing all of these values. The different weights of a filter can be represented using a matrix that shows the multiplying factors associated with each pixel position in the considered neighborhood. The central element of the matrix corresponds to the pixel on which the filter is currently applied. Such a matrix is sometimes ...
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