8. Multinationals Based in Emerging Markets: Features and Strategies
Introduction
By 2010, over one fifth of the Fortune 500—the 500 largest companies in the world by capitalization—were multinationals based in emerging markets, or emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Over 20 percent of the world’s flows of foreign investment now originate from emerging markets, mainly as a result of the internationalization of EMNEs. As of 2012, EMNEs are no longer a marginal category that can be discussed as a footnote; they have become an essential element of the global economy. Since 2005, EMNEs have invested an average of over US$120 billion per year, employed over five million people, and spent more than US$10 billion per year on research and development ...
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