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Outdoor OWC Links with Diversity Techniques
Two primary challenges attributed to outdoor OWC (i.e., FSO) communications are (i) building sway and (ii) scattering/absorption-induced attenuation and scintillation-induced link fading. For the former one would need accurate pointing and tracking mechanisms, photodetector arrays and wide beam profiles; though widening the optical beamwidth is at the cost of increased transmit power (see Section 3.3.3). Even in clear atmospheric conditions, links may experience fading due to the turbulence-induced irradiance and phase fluctuations. The signal fluctuation results from random index of refraction variations along the propagation path as discussed in Chapter 3. The phase and irradiance fluctuation suffered ...
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