Password File Authentication
Recall that when a database is created, the users SYS and SYSTEM are created automatically and are granted the DBA role. This is to enable you to administer the database from the beginning of its creation and to allow you the ability to create more users and roles as your needs require. If you create a pre-seeded database, you also get the SCOTT schema in which you or your developers can play without adversely impacting your company's data. The default passwords are well known and well documented, and Oracle strongly suggests that you change the default passwords (at least to SYS and SYSTEM, if not to SCOTT), but they also leave the onus on the DBA to change them. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.
When newly ...
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