Unix/Linux UtilitiesUsing the sar Command to Monitor CPU Usagesar–u (Check for CPU Bogged Down)The sar–d Command (Find I/O Problems)The sar–b Command (Check the Buffer Cache)The sar–q Command (Check the Run Queue and Swap Queue Lengths)Using the sar and vmstat Commands to Monitor Paging/SwappingUsing the–p Switch of sar to Report Paging ActivitiesUsing the–w Switch of sar to Report Swapping and Switching ActivitiesUsing the–r Switch of sar to Report Free Memory and Free SwapUsing the–g Switch of sar to Report Paging ActivitiesUsing the–wpgr Switch of sarFinding the Worst User on the System Using the top CommandMonitoring ToolsUsing the uptime Command to Monitor CPU LoadUsing the mpstat Command to Identify CPU BottlenecksCombining ps with Selected V$ ViewsUsing the iostat Command to Identify Disk I/O BottlenecksUsing the–d Switch of iostat for Disk Drives sd15, sd16, sd17, and sd18Using the–D Switch of iostatUsing the–x Switch of iostatCombining–x Switch of iostat with Logic in a Shell ScriptUsing the ipcs Command to Determine Shared MemoryUsing the vmstat Command to Monitor System LoadMonitoring Disk Free SpaceThe df CommandMonitoring Network PerformanceMonitoring Using the spray CommandMonitoring Network Performance with nfsstat–cMonitoring Network Performance with netstatDisplaying Current Values of Tunable ParametersModifying the Configuration Information FileOther Factors That Affect PerformanceTips ReviewReferences