AcknowledgmentsConventionsPL/SQL Language FundamentalsPL/SQL Character SetIdentifiersBoolean, Numeric, and String LiteralsNumeric LiteralsDatetime Interval LiteralsDelimitersCommentsPragmasStatementsBlock StructureVariables and Program DataScalar DatatypesLOB DatatypesImplicit Datatype ConversionsNULLs in PL/SQLDeclaring VariablesAnchored DeclarationsProgrammer-Defined SubtypesConditional and Sequential ControlConditional Control StatementsSequential Control StatementsLoopsSimple LoopNumeric FOR LoopCursor FOR LoopWHILE Loop“Repeat Until” Loop EmulationEXIT StatementCONTINUE StatementLoop LabelsDatabase InteractionSequences in PL/SQLTransaction ManagementAutonomous TransactionsCursors in PL/SQLExplicit CursorsImplicit CursorsNative Dynamic SQLDBMS_SQLSQL Injection and Bind VariablesCursor VariablesCursor ExpressionsException HandlingDeclaring ExceptionsRaising ExceptionsScopePropagationRecords in PL/SQLDeclaring RecordsReferencing a Record’s FieldsAssigning RecordsRecords and DMLNested RecordsCollections in PL/SQLDeclaring a CollectionInitializing a CollectionAdding and Removing ElementsNested Table FunctionsCollection MethodsCollections and PrivilegesNested CollectionsBulk BindsBuilt-in Functions and PackagesBuilt-in FunctionsBuilt-in Regular Expression FunctionsStored Procedures and FunctionsProceduresFunctionsParametersLocal ProgramsProgram OverloadingForward DeclarationsTable FunctionsFunction Result CachePrivileges and Stored PL/SQLTriggersCreating TriggersTrigger PredicatesDML EventsCompound DML TriggersDDL EventsDatabase EventsPackagesPackage StructureReferencing Package ElementsPackage DataSERIALLY_REUSABLE PragmaPackage InitializationCalling PL/SQL Functions in SQLCalling a FunctionImproving Performance of Calling PL/SQL Functions from SQLColumn Name Versus Function Name PrecedenceObject-Oriented FeaturesObject TypesType InheritanceMethodsMethods in SubtypesManipulating Objects in PL/SQL and SQLUpcasting and DowncastingChanging Object TypesCompilationCompiling Stored PL/SQL ProgramsConditional CompilationCompiler WarningsOptimizing CompilerPerforming Native Compilation of PL/SQLJava Language IntegrationExamplePublishing Java to PL/SQLData Dictionary