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How to survive in a world of perpetual transformations

CLAUDIO GARCIA

It took twenty years for the recorded music industry to fully recover its total sales from its peak in 1999, at least in absolute numbers (if adjusted for inflation, it would still take a few more years). All changed when file sharing peer-to-peer services became available on the internet, specifically Napster, which developed an interface in which it was easy to catalog and search for song files. In less than three years, it reached about 80 million users — that’s half of Spotify’s current number of paid users — sharing an unimaginable amount of song files for free. This was a significant revolution for an industry that, in the 40 years before Napster, had the cassette ...

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