Pharma-Ecology, 2nd Edition

Pharma-Ecology, 2nd Edition

by Patrick K. Jjemba
Released November 2018
Publisher(s): Wiley
ISBN: 9781119312284

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Book description

The revised edition of the guide to environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products

The revised and updated second edition of Pharma-Ecology joins the health and environmental sciences professions' concern over the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment and explores how to best minimize their impact. The text highlights the biological effects of various classes of pharmaceutical compounds under clinical settings, their modes of action, and approximate quantities consumed. The second edition contains the most recent knowledge about the ecological impact of PPCPs as more sensitive detection techniques have become available, since the book was first published.

The second edition offers the most up-to-date information on pharma ecology and bridges the gap between medicine, public health, and environmental science. This new edition contains helpful learning objectives for each chapter, as well as a brief section at the end of each chapter that presents a set of open ended questions. This vital resource:

•    Explores the biological effects of pharmaceutical compounds under clinical settings, their modes of action, approximate quantities consumed

•    Provides researchers and scientists with critical background data on the environmental impacts of PPCPs

•    Contains the most current information on PPCPs' ecological impacts, based on new detection techniques

•    Bridges the gap between medicine, public health, and environmental science

Written for ecologists, engineers, microbiologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, chemists, physicians, and veterinarians involved in pollution and environmental analysis, the second edition of Pharma-Ecology contains the most current information available on the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Preface
  3. 1 Usage of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products
    1. 1.1 Pharmaceutical Consumption Trends
    2. Study Questions
    3. References
  4. 2 Most Prescribed Pharmaceuticals and Related Endpoints
    1. 2.1 Antihypertensive and Cardiovascular
    2. 2.2 Anxiolytic Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Antipsychotics
    3. 2.3 Analgesics and Anti‐inflammatory Drugs
    4. Study Questions
    5. References
  5. 3 Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Related Endpoints
    1. 3.1 Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibiting Antibiotics
    2. 3.2 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
    3. 3.3 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
    4. 3.4 Antagonism to Metabolic Processes
    5. 3.5 Antibiotics that Disrupt Membrane Integrity
    6. 3.6 Other Antimicrobials
    7. Study Questions
    8. References
  6. 4 Usage of Other Groups of Pharmaceuticals and Related Endpoints
    1. 4.1 Gastrointestinal Drugs
    2. 4.2 Antidiabetic Drugs
    3. 4.3 Diuretics and Electrolytes
    4. 4.4 Thyroid System Medication
    5. 4.5 Respiratory Drugs
    6. 4.6 Oral Contraceptive and Reproductive Therapeutics
    7. 4.7 Biophosphonates and Other Skeletal Ailment Drugs
    8. 4.8 Steroids
    9. 4.9 Hematologic Drugs
    10. 4.10 Nutritional Drugs
    11. 4.11 Triptans
    12. 4.12 Anesthetics
    13. 4.13 Antineoplastics and Immunosuppressants
    14. Study Questions
    15. References
  7. 5 Personal Care Products of Environmental Concern
    1. 5.1 Fragrances and Musks
    2. 5.2 Ultraviolet Light Filters
    3. 5.3 Detergents
    4. 5.4 Disinfectants
    5. Study Questions
    6. References
  8. 6 Detection and Occurrence of PPCPs in the Environment
    1. 6.1 Detection of PPCPs in the Environment
    2. 6.2 Occurrence of PPCPs in Various Environments
    3. 6.3 Excretion as a Driver of Pharmaceutical Occurrence in the Environment
    4. Study Questions
    5. References
  9. 7 Ecopharmacokinetics and Ecopharmacodynamics of PPCPs
    1. 7.1 Overview of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
    2. 7.2 Degradation of PPCPs in the Environment
    3. 7.3 Role of Physicochemical Factors in the Fate of PPCPs in the Environment
    4. Study Questions
    5. References
  10. 8 Ecotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
    1. 8.1 Conventional Assessment of the Risk
    2. 8.2 Ecological Impact of PPCPs on Microorganisms and Microbial Processes
    3. 8.3 Effects of PPCPs on Invertebrates
    4. 8.4 PPCP Ecotoxicity on Aquatic Organisms
    5. 8.5 Ecotoxicity of PPCPs on Terrestrial Wildlife
    6. 8.6 Livestock and Human Health
    7. 8.7 Ecotoxicity of PPCPs on Vegetation
    8. 8.8 General Considerations in Long‐term PPCP Toxicity
    9. Study Questions
    10. References
  11. 9 Technologies for Removing and Reducing PPCPs in the Environment
    1. 9.1 Conventional Treatment Systems
    2. 9.2 Advanced Treatment Processes
    3. 9.3 Effect of Wastewater Retention Time on PPCP Removal
    4. 9.4 Formulation and Regimen Design for Reduced Environmental Impact
    5. 9.5 Source Separation of Urine and Decentralization Needs
    6. 9.6 Future Technological Trends
    7. Study Questions
    8. References
  12. 10 Guidelines for a Regulatory Framework on PPCPs in the Environment
    1. 10.1 Improving Assessment of the Risks from PPCPs in the Environment
    2. 10.2 Effect of Mixtures
    3. 10.3 Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low PPCP Doses
    4. 10.4 Use of Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships in Ecotoxicology
    5. 10.5 Toxicogenomic Approaches for Guiding Regulations
    6. 10.6 Social Responsibility in Legislation and Making Policy
    7. 10.7 Drug Approval and Advertising
    8. 10.8 Use of Prescription Records for Mapping PPCPs
    9. Study Questions
    10. References
  13. Index
  14. End User License Agreement

Product information

  • Title: Pharma-Ecology, 2nd Edition
  • Author(s): Patrick K. Jjemba
  • Release date: November 2018
  • Publisher(s): Wiley
  • ISBN: 9781119312284