Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry: Theory and Practices

9

Ionic Equilibria

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Arrhenius Theory of Ionization

9.3 Ionisation of Weak Electrolytes – Ostwald’s Dilution Law

9.4 Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases

9.5 Ionisation Constant of Weak Acids and Bases (Arrhenius Concept)

9.6 Bronsted–Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases

9.7 Lewis Concept of Acids and Bases

9.8 Ionic Product of Water

9.9 pH Scale

9.10 Buffer Solution

Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to every one.

 

Albert Einstein

 

9.1 INTRODUCTION

There are some substances which can conduct electricity in molten ...