Defining an Adjustment’s Scope
Each of our applications has a mechanism for applying adjustments that affect only parts of an image, or are stronger in one area than in another. We will proceed from the least precise of these (graduated and radial) to the most, those using Photoshop’s array of selection tools.
Adjustments in Lightroom and Adobe Camera Raw are additive. By this I mean two things. First, if you apply a local adjustment, it is intuitively applied where you add it. Simple. Second, where you apply possibly conflicting adjustments, the total effect is added up for each pixel. So if you globally darken an image, then lighten a part of it, that area will experience no net adjustment, rather than showing the wear of two adjustments. ...
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