book

PHP 7: Real World Application Development

Name: PHP 7: Real World Application Development
ISBN: 9781787129009

by Doug Bierer, Altaf Hussain, Branko Ajzele

September 2016

Intermediate to advanced

1091 pages

21h 41m

English

Packt Publishing

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PHP 7: Real World Application Development
Table of Contents
PHP 7: Real World Application Development
PHP 7: Real World Application Development
Credits
Preface
What this learning path covers
What you need for this learning path
Who this learning path is for
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example codeErrataPiracyQuestions

1. Module 1
1. Building a Foundation
Introduction
PHP 7 installation considerations
How to do it...Installing directly from sourceInstalling PHP 7 from pre-compiled binariesInstalling a *AMP packageThere's more...See also
Using the built-in PHP web server
How to do it...
Defining a test MySQL database
How to do it...
Installing PHPUnit
Implementing class autoloading
Getting readyHow to do it...How it works...
Hoovering a website
How to do it...How it works...See also
Building a deep web scanner
How to do it...How it works...See also
Creating a PHP 5 to PHP 7 code converter
Getting readyHow to do it...How it works...See also
2. Using PHP 7 High Performance Features
Introduction
Understanding the abstract syntax tree
How to do it...How it works...See also
Understanding differences in parsing
How to do it...How it works...See also
Understanding differences in foreach() handling
How to do it...How it works...See also
Improving performance using PHP 7 enhancements
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Iterating through a massive file
How to do it...How it works...
Uploading a spreadsheet into a database
Getting ready...How to do it...How it works...
Recursive directory iterator
How to do it...How it works...
3. Working with PHP Functions
Introduction
Developing functions
How to do it...How it works...
Hinting at data types
How to do it...How it works...See also
Using return value data typing
How to do it...How it works...There's more...See also
Using iterators
How to do it...How it works...
Writing your own iterator using generators
How to do it...How it works...
4. Working with PHP Object-Oriented Programming
Introduction
Developing classes
How to do it...How it works...See also...
Extending classes
How to do it...How it works...
Using static properties and methods
How to do it...How it works...See also
Using namespaces
How to do it...How it works...
Defining visibility
How to do it...How it works...See also
Using interfaces
How to do it...How it works...
Using traits
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing anonymous classes
How to do it...How it works...
5. Interacting with a Database
Introduction
Using PDO to connect to a database
How to do it...How it works...See also
Building an OOP SQL query builder
How to do it...How it works...See also
Handling pagination
How to do it...How it works...See also
Defining entities to match database tables
How to do it...How it works...See also
Tying entity classes to RDBMS queries
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Embedding secondary lookups into query results
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing jQuery DataTables PHP lookups
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
6. Building Scalable Websites
Introduction
Creating a generic form element generator
How to do it...How it works...
Creating an HTML radio element generator
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Creating an HTML select element generator
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing a form factory
How to do it...How it works...
Chaining $_POST filters
How to do it...How it works...There's more...See also
Chaining $_POST validators
How to do it...How it works...
Tying validation to a form
How to do it...How it works...
7. Accessing Web Services
Introduction
Converting between PHP and XML
How to do it...How it works...
Creating a simple REST client
How to do it...Creating a streams-based REST clientDefining a cURL-based REST clientHow it works...There's more...See also
Creating a simple REST server
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Creating a simple SOAP client
How to do it...How it works...See also
Creating a simple SOAP server
How to do it...How it works...See also
8. Working with Date/Time and International Aspects
Introduction
Using emoticons or emoji in a view script
How to do it...How it works...See also
Converting complex characters
How to do it...How it works...
Getting the locale from browser data
How to do it...How it works...See also
Formatting numbers by locale
How to do it...How it works...See also
Handling currency by locale
How to do it...How it works...See also
Formatting date/time by locale
How to do it...How it works...See also
Creating an HTML international calendar generator
How to do it...Refining internationalized outputHow it works...See also
Building a recurring events generator
How to do it...How it works...See also
Handling translation without gettext
How to do it...How it works...See also
9. Developing Middleware
Introduction
Authenticating with middleware
How to do it...How it works...See also
Using middleware to implement access control
How to do it...How it works...See also
Improving performance using the cache
How to do it...How it works...There's more...See also
Implementing routing
How to do it...How it works...See also
Making inter-framework system calls
How to do it...How it works...
Using middleware to cross languages
How to do it...
10. Looking at Advanced Algorithms
Introduction
Using getters and setters
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing a linked list
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Building a bubble sort
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing a stack
How to do it...How it works...
Building a binary search class
How to do it...How it works...See also
Implementing a search engine
How to do it...How it works...
Displaying a multi-dimensional array and accumulating totals
How to do it...How it works...
11. Implementing Software Design Patterns
Introduction
Creating an array to object hydrator
How to do it...How it works...
Building an object to array hydrator
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing a strategy pattern
How to do it...How it works...
Defining a mapper
How to do it...How it works...
Implementing object-relational mapping
How to do it...Technique #1 - pre-loading all child informationTechnique #2 - embedding secondary lookupsHow it works...See also
Implementing the Pub/Sub design pattern
How to do it...How it works...There's more...See also
12. Improving Web Security
Introduction
Filtering $_POST data
How to do it...How it works...See also
Validating $_POST data
How to do it...How it works...See also
Safeguarding the PHP session
How to do it...How it works...See also
Securing forms with a token
How to do it...How it works...See also
Building a secure password generator
How to do it...How it works...See also
Safeguarding forms with a CAPTCHA
How to do it...Generating a text CAPTCHAGenerating an image CAPTCHAHow it works...There's more...See also
Encrypting/decrypting without mcrypt
How to do it...How it works...There's more...See also
13. Best Practices, Testing, and Debugging
Introduction
Using Traits and Interfaces
How to do it...How it works...
Universal exception handler
How to do it...How it works...See also
Universal error handler
How to do it...How it works...See also
Writing a simple test
How to do it...Running simple testsTesting database Model classesUsing mock classesUsing anonymous classes as mock objectsUsing Mock BuilderHow it works...Running simple testsTesting database model classesUsing mock classesThere's more...See also...
Writing a test suite
How to do it...How it works...See also...
Generating fake test data
How to do it...How it works...There's more...
Customizing sessions using session_start parameters
How to do it...How it works...See also...
A. Defining PSR-7 Classes
Introduction
Implementing PSR-7 value object classes
Getting readyHow to do it...How it works...See also
Developing a PSR-7 Request class
How to do it...How it works...See also
Defining a PSR-7 Response class
How to do it...How it works...See also
2. Module 2
1. Setting Up the Environment
Setting up Windows
Setting up Debian or Ubuntu
DebianUbuntu
Setting up CentOS
Installing NGINXInstalling PHP 7Installing Percona Server
Setting up Vagrant
Summary
2. New Features in PHP 7
OOP featuresType hintsScalar type hintsReturn type hintsNamespaces and group use declarationNon mixed group use declarationsMixed group use declarationsThe compound namespace declarationThe anonymous classesOld-style constructor deprecationThe throwable interfaceError
New operators
The Spaceship operator (<=>)The null coalesce operator(??)
Uniform variable syntax
Miscellaneous features and changes
Constant arraysMultiple default cases in the switch statementThe options array for session_start functionFiltered unserialize function
Summary
3. Improving PHP 7 Application Performance
NGINX and ApacheApacheNGINX
HTTP server optimization
Caching static filesApacheNGINX
HTTP persistent connection
ApacheNGINXGZIP compressionApacheNGINXUsing PHP as a separate serviceDisabling unused modulesApacheNGINXWeb server resourcesNGINX
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Using CDN
CSS and JavaScript optimization
MergingMinifyingMinifyGrunt
Full page caching
Varnish
The infrastructure
Web serversThe database serverLoad balancer (LB)HAProxy load balancingHAProxy installationHAProxy load balancing
Summary
4. Improving Database Performance
The MySQL databaseQuery caching
Storage engines
The MyISAM storage engineThe InnoDB storage engineinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeinnodb_buffer_pool_instancesinnodb_log_file_size
The Percona Server - a fork of MySQL
Installing the Percona Server
MySQL performance monitoring tools
phpMyAdminThe MySQL workbenchPercona Toolkitpt-query-digestpt-duplicate-key-checker
Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC)
Redis – the key-value cache store
Connecting with the Redis serverStoring and fetching data from the Redis serverRedis management tools
Memcached key-value cache store
Summary
5. Debugging and Profiling
XdebugDebugging with Sublime TextDebugging with Eclipse
Profiling with Xdebug
PHP DebugBar
Summary
6. Stress/Load Testing PHP Applications
Apache JMeter
ApacheBench (ab)
Siege
Load testing real-world applications
Magento 2WordPress 4Drupal 8
Summary
7. Best Practices in PHP Programming
Coding styles
Test-driven development (TDD)
Design patterns
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
Being object-oriented and reusable always
PHP frameworks
Version control system (VCS) and Git
Deployment and Continuous Integration (CI)
Summary
A. Tools to Make Life Easy
Composer – A dependency manager for PHPComposer installationUsing Composer
Git – A version control system
Git installationUsing GitCreating new branches and mergingCloning a repositoryWebhooksDesktop tools to manage repositories
Grunt watch
Summary
B. MVC and Frameworks
The MVC design patternModelViewsControllers
Laravel
InstallationFeaturesRoutingEloquent ORMArtisan CLIMigrationsBlade templatesOther features
Lumen
Apigility
Summary
3. Module 3
1. Ecosystem Overview
Getting ready for PHP 7Scalar type hintsReturn type hintsAnonymous classesThe Closure::call() methodGenerator delegationGenerator return expressionsThe null coalesce operatorThe Spaceship operatorThrowablesThe \ParseErrorLevel support for the dirname() functionThe integer division functionConstant arraysUniform variable syntaxSecure random number generatorFiltered unserialize()Context sensitive lexerGroup use declarationsUnicode enhancementsAssertionsChanges to the list() constructSession optionsDeprecated featuresFrameworksLaravel frameworkSymfonyZend FrameworkCodeIgniterCakePHPSlimYiiPhalcon
Summary
2. GoF Design Patterns
Creational patternsAbstract factory patternBuilder patternFactory method patternPrototype patternSingleton pattern
Structural patterns
Adapter patternBridge patternComposite patternDecorator patternFacade patternFlyweight patternProxy pattern
Behavioral patterns
Chain of responsibility patternCommand patternInterpreter patternIterator patternMediator patternMemento patternObserver patternState patternStrategy patternTemplate patternVisitor pattern
Summary
3. SOLID Design Principles
Single responsibility principle
Open/closed principle
Liskov substitution principle
Interface Segregation Principle
Dependency inversion principle
Summary
4. Requirement Specification for a Modular Web Shop App
Defining application requirements
Wireframing
Defining a technology stack
The Symfony frameworkFoundation framework
Summary
5. Symfony at a Glance
Installing Symfony
Creating a blank project
Using Symfony console
Controller
Routing
Templates
Forms
Configuring Symfony
The bundle system
Databases and Doctrine
Testing
Validation
Summary
6. Building the Core Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Configuring application-wide security
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
7. Building the Catalog Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Creating entitiesManaging image uploadsOverriding core module servicesSetting up a Category pageSetting up a Product page
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
8. Building the Customer Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Creating a customer entityModifying the security configurationExtending the customer entityCreating the orders serviceCreating the customer menu serviceImplementing the register processImplementing the login processImplementing the logout processManaging forgotten passwords
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
9. Building the Payment Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Creating a card entityCreating a card payment serviceCreating a card payment controller and routesCreating a check money payment serviceCreating a check money payment controller and routes
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
10. Building the Shipment Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Creating a flat rate shipment serviceCreating a flat rate shipment controller and routesCreating a dynamic rate payment serviceCreating a dynamic rate shipment controller and routes
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
11. Building the Sales Module
Requirements
Dependencies
Implementation
Creating a Cart entityCreating the cart item entityCreating an Order entityCreating a SalesOrderItem entityOverriding the add_to_cart_url serviceOverriding the checkout_menu serviceOverriding the customer orders serviceOverriding the bestsellers serviceCreating the Cart pageCreating the Payment serviceCreating the Shipment serviceCreating the Checkout pageCreating the order success pageCreating a store manager dashboard
Unit testing
Functional testing
Summary
12. Integrating and Distributing Modules
Understanding Git
Understanding GitHub
Understanding Composer
Understanding Packagist
Summary
Bibliography
Index

Content preview from PHP 7: Real World Application Development

Writing a simple test

The primary means of testing PHP code is to use PHPUnit, which is based on a methodology called Unit Testing. The philosophy behind unit testing is quite simple: you break down your code into the smallest possible logical units. You then test each unit in isolation to confirm that it performs as expected. These expectations are codified into a series of assertions. If all assertions return TRUE, then the unit has passed the test.

Note

In the case of procedural PHP, a unit is a function. For OOP PHP, the unit is a method within a class.

How to do it...

The first order of business is to either install PHPUnit directly onto your development server, or download the source code, which is available in the form of a single phar (PHP ...

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