Conditioned and Unconditioned Reflexes
The 1904 Nobel Prize winner Ivan Pavlov made a remarkable discovery by coincidence. He noticed that the dogs in his laboratory tended to salivate when they saw the staff members who usually fed them.
So, Pavlov started a long series of experiments in which he gave dogs various signals just before the presentation of food. It included electric shocks, whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and also visual stimuli. And, as he expected, after a while the dogs started to salivate every time they received these signals.
A reflex is a special signal that creates a specific action. The salivation after hearing a metronome ...
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