Practical Cloud Security

Table of contents

1. Preface
   1. Who Should Read This Book
   2. Navigating This Book
   3. What’s New in the Second Edition
   4. Conventions Used in This Book
   5. O’Reilly Online Learning Platform
   6. How to Contact Us
   7. Acknowledgments
2. 1. Principles and Concepts
   1. Least Privilege
   2. Defense in Depth
   3. Zero Trust
   4. Threat Actors, Diagrams, and Trust Boundaries
   5. Cloud Service Delivery Models
   6. The Cloud Shared Responsibility Model
   7. Risk Management
   8. Conclusion
   9. Exercises
3. 2. Data Asset Management and Protection
   1. Data Identification and Classification
      1. Example Data Classification Levels
      2. Relevant Industry or Regulatory Requirements
   2. Data Asset Management in the Cloud
   3. Tagging Cloud Resources
   4. Protecting Data in the Cloud
      1. Tokenization
      2. Encryption
   5. Conclusion
   6. Exercises
4. 3. Cloud Asset Management and Protection
   1. Differences from Traditional IT
   2. Types of Cloud Assets
      1. Compute Assets
      2. Storage Assets
      3. Network Assets
   3. Asset Management Pipeline
      1. Procurement Leaks
      2. Processing Leaks
      3. Tooling Leaks
      4. Findings Leaks
   4. Tagging Cloud Assets
   5. Conclusion
   6. Exercises
5. 4. Identity and Access Management
   1. Differences from Traditional IT
   2. Life Cycle for Identity and Access
   3. Request
   4. Approve
   5. Create, Delete, Grant, or Revoke
   6. Authentication
      1. Cloud IAM Identities
      2. Business-to-Consumer and Business-to-Employee
      3. Multi-Factor Authentication
      4. Passwords, Passphrases, and API Keys
      5. Shared IDs
      6. Federated Identity
      7. Single Sign-On
      8. Instance Metadata and Identity Documents
      9. Secrets Management
   7. Authorization
      1. Centralized Authorization
      2. Roles
   8. Revalidate
   9. Putting It All Together in the Sample Application
   10. Conclusion
   11. Exercises
6. 5. Vulnerability Management
   1. Differences from Traditional IT
   2. Vulnerable Areas
      1. Data Access
      2. Application
      3. Middleware
      4. Operating System
      5. Network
      6. Virtualized Infrastructure
      7. Physical Infrastructure
   3. Finding and Fixing Vulnerabilities
      1. Network Vulnerability Scanners
      2. Agentless Scanners and Configuration Management Systems
      3. Agent-Based Scanners and Configuration Management Systems
      4. Cloud Workload Protection Platforms
      5. Container Scanners
      6. Dynamic Application Scanners (DAST)
      7. Static Application Scanners (SAST)
      8. Software Composition Analysis Tools (SCA)
      9. Interactive Application Scanners (IAST)
      10. Runtime Application Self-Protection Scanners (RASP)
      11. Manual Code Reviews
      12. Penetration Tests
      13. User Reports
      14. Example Tools for Vulnerability and Configuration Management
   4. Risk Management Processes
   5. Vulnerability Management Metrics
      1. Tool Coverage
      2. Mean Time to Remediate
      3. Systems/Applications with Open Vulnerabilities
      4. Percentage of False Positives
      5. Percentage of False Negatives
      6. Vulnerability Recurrence Rate
   6. Change Management
   7. Putting It All Together in the Sample Application
   8. Conclusion
   9. Exercises
7. 6. Network Security
   1. Differences from Traditional IT
   2. Concepts and Definitions
      1. Zero Trust Networking
      2. Allowlists and Denylists
      3. DMZs
      4. Proxies
      5. Software-Defined Networking
      6. Network Functions Virtualization
      7. Overlay Networks and Encapsulation
      8. Virtual Private Clouds
      9. Network Address Translation
      10. IPv6
   3. Network Defense in Action in the Sample Application
      1. Encryption in Motion
      2. Firewalls and Network Segmentation
      3. Allowing Administrative Access
      4. Network Defense Tools
      5. Egress Filtering
      6. Data Loss Prevention
   4. Conclusion
   5. Exercises
8. 7. Detecting, Responding to, and Recovering from Security Incidents
   1. Differences from Traditional IT
   2. What to Watch
      1. Privileged User Access
      2. Logs from Defensive Tooling
      3. Cloud Service Logs and Metrics
      4. Operating System Logs and Metrics
      5. Middleware Logs
      6. Secrets Server
      7. Your Application
   3. How to Watch
      1. Aggregation and Retention
      2. Parsing Logs
      3. Searching and Correlation
      4. Alerting and Automated Response
      5. Security Information and Event Managers
      6. Threat Hunting
   4. Preparing for an Incident
      1. Team
      2. Plans
      3. Tools
   5. Responding to an Incident
      1. Cyber Kill Chains and MITRE ATT&CK
      2. The OODA Loop
      3. Cloud Forensics
      4. Blocking Unauthorized Access
      5. Stopping Data Exfiltration and Command and Control
   6. Recovery
      1. Redeploying IT Systems
      2. Notifications
      3. Lessons Learned
   7. Example Metrics
   8. Example Tools for Detection, Response, and Recovery
   9. Detection and Response in a Sample Application
      1. Monitoring the Protective Systems
      2. Monitoring the Application
      3. Monitoring the Administrators
      4. Understanding the Auditing Infrastructure
   10. Conclusion
   11. Exercises
9. A. Exercise Solutions
   1. Chapter 1
   2. Chapter 2
   3. Chapter 3
   4. Chapter 4
   5. Chapter 5
   6. Chapter 6
   7. Chapter 7
10. Index
11. About the Author