Book description
Continuing in the steps of its predecessors, the fourth edition of Practical Holography provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource available. Focused on practical techniques in holography at all levels, it avoids any unnecessary mathematical theory.Features of the Fourth EditionHighlights new information on color holograms, sensitive m
Table of contents
- Foreword to the First Edition
- Preface to the Fourth Edition by Graham Saxby
- Preface to the Fourth Edition by Stanislovas (Stas) Zacharovas
- Preface to the First Edition
- Authors
- Abbreviations
- In Memoriam to Graham Saxby
-
Section I - Principles of Holography
- Chapter 1 - What Is a Hologram?
- Chapter 2 - Brief History of Holography
-
Chapter 3 - Light Sources for Holography
- Light as an Electromagnetic Phenomenon
- Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
- Oscillators
- Properties of Light Beams
- Atoms and Energy
- Stimulated Emission
- Three-Level Solid-State (Ruby) Laser
- Ruby Pulse Laser
- Four-Level Solid-State Laser
- Four-Level Solid-State Lasing Media
- Q-Switching
- Frequency Doubling and Tripling
- Construction of Nd:YAG (Nd:YLF)/Nd:Phosphate Glass Pulse Laser
- Four-Level Gas Lasers
- Mirrors and Windows in CW Lasers
- Helium–Neon Laser
- Laser Beam Shapers
- Ion Lasers
- Semiconductor (Diode) Lasers
- Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers
- Fiber Lasers
- Lasers for Color Holography
- Pseudowhite Laser for Holography
- Lasers and Safety
- Warning Notices
- Avoiding Accidents
- Protective Eyewear
- Pulse Laser Safety
- Laser Itself
- Further Reading
- References
-
Chapter 4 - Basic Types of Hologram
- Laser Transmission Holograms
- Replaying the Image
- Real Image
- White-Light Reflection Holograms
- Phase Holograms
- Image-Plane Holograms
- White-Light Transmission Holograms
- Other Types of Holograms
- Holographic Stereograms
- Color Holography
- Digitally Printed Holograms
- Digital Projection Holograms
- Surface Plasmon Holograms
- Embossed Holograms
- References
-
Chapter 5 - Materials, Exposure, and Processing
- Silver Halide Materials
- Silver Halide Processing
- Constituents of a Developer
- Developer Classifications
- Bleaches
- Dichromated Gelatin
- Rendering Dichromated Gelatin Sensitive to Red Light
- Coating Plates
- Exposing
- Processing
- Sealing the Hologram
- Color Control
- Silver Halide–Sensitized Gelatin
- Photopolymers
- Photoresists
- Erasable Photosensitive Materials
- Photothermoplastics
- Photochromic Materials
- Photorefractive Crystals
- Further Reading
- References
-
Section II - Practical Display Holography
-
Chapter 6 - Making Your First Hologram
- Basic Requirements
- Laser
- Beam Expander
- Support for the Laser
- Support for the Plate
- Setting Up for the Exposure
- Setup with a Small Laser Pointer
- Alternative Setup for a Larger Laser
- Processing Solutions
- Exposing
- Processing
- Viewing the Image
- One-Step Real Image
- Protecting and Displaying Your Hologram
- Working with Plates
- Cutting Glass
- Processing Plates
- What Went Wrong?
- Suppliers of Holographic Materials
- Further Reading
-
Chapter 7 - Single-Beam Denisyuk Techniques
- Single-Beam Holograms of Unstable Subject Matter
- Building a Single-Beam Frame for a Prone Setup
- Rear-Surface Mirror System without Double Reflections
- Laser
- Triangular Benches
- Spatial Filtering
- Setting Up with a Spatial Filter
- Making an Electrically Operated Shutter
- Safelights
- Index-Matching Fluid
- Exposing and Processing
- Getting the Exposure Right
- Multiexposure Techniques
- Transfer Principle
- Making a Reflection Master Hologram
- Making a Reflection Transfer Hologram
- Making a Transmission Master Hologram
- 360° Holograms
- Further Applications of Single-Beam Holograms
- Mounting and Finishing Holograms
- Troubleshooting
- Reference
- Chapter 8 - Single-Beam Bypass Holograms
- Chapter 9 - Building Your Own Holographic Laboratory
-
Chapter 10 - Making Master Holograms for Transfer
- Beamsplitters
- Illuminating the Subject
- Component Mountings
- Plateholders
- Collimating Mirror
- How Stable Is Your Table?
- Basic Lighting for Transmission Master Holograms
- What Went Wrong?
- Backlighting and Background Illumination
- Silhouettes and Black Holes
- Supine Subjects
- Frontal Illumination
- Multiple-Exposure Techniques
- Masters for Rainbow Holograms
- Reflection Master Holograms
- Optical Fiber Systems for Holography
- Multimode Fibers
- Single-Mode Fibers
- Fiber-Optic Holography on Location
- Portable Cameras with Pulse Lasers
- References
-
Chapter 11 - Transfer Reflection Image Holograms
- Parallax in Transfer Holograms
- Reflection Transfer Holograms from Transmission Masters
- How to Deal with Weak Master Images
- Side and Underneath Beam Master Transfers
- Role of the Bragg Condition
- Two-Channel Transfer Holograms
- Holograms of Stereoscopic Pairs of Photographs
- Multichannel Images
- Pellicular Collimating Mirrors
- Contact Copying of Holograms
- What Went Wrong?
- Chapter 12 - White-Light Transmission Transfer and Rainbow Holograms
- Chapter 13 - Holograms Involving Focusing Optics
-
Chapter 14 - Homemade Optical Elements
- Liquid-Filled Lenses
- Working with Acrylic Sheet
- One-Dimensional Collimators
- What to Do in Case of Leaks
- Other Sizes and Focal Lengths
- Calculations for Designing a Liquid-Filled Lens
- Two-Dimensional Collimating Lenses
- Measurements for a Collimating Lens
- Focusing Lenses
- Holographic Optical Elements
- Focal Length in Holographic Lenses and Mirrors
- Holographic Diffraction Gratings
- Holographic Lenses
- Holographic Mirrors and Beamsplitters
- Holographic Collimating Mirrors
- Aberrations of HOEs
- Multibeam HOEs
- References
-
Chapter 15 - Portraiture and Pulse Laser Holography
- Safety Considerations for Pulse Lasers
- Working with a Pulse Laser
- Optical Components for Pulsed Holography
- Typical Layout of Pulse Holography Studio
- Portraiture in a Pulse Studio
- Creative Lighting for Pulse Portraiture
- Pulse Laser Exposure
- Double and Multiple Pulses
- Other Pulse Subject Matter
- Processing of Pulse Laser Holograms
-
Chapter 16 - Holography in Natural Colors
- Eye and Color Perception
- CIE Chromaticity Diagram
- Color Transmission Holograms
- Denisyuk Holograms in Color
- Transfer Hologram Copies in Color
- Color Accuracy
- Portraiture in Color
- Color Reproduction in Digitally Printed Holograms
- Preserving the Color in Color Holograms
- Future of Color Holography
- References
- Further Reading
-
Chapter 17 - Achromatic and Pseudocolor Holograms
- Achromatic White-Light Transmission Transfer Holograms
- Dispersion Compensation
- Color Image from Dispersion-Compensated WLT Holograms
- Achromatic Angle for Transmission Masters
- Achromatic Reflection Holograms
- Pseudocolor Holograms
- Pseudocolor Single-Beam Reflection Holograms
- Pseudocolor H1–H2 Transfer Reflection Holograms
- Color Registration by Preswelling
- Color Registration by Geometry
- How to Obtain Precise Registration by Geometry
- Pseudocolor White-Light Transmission Holograms
- Obtaining Better Color Registration for WLT Hologram
- One-Step Pseudocolor WLT Holograms
- References
-
Chapter 18 - Holographic Stereograms
- Multiplexing Principle
- Making a Multiplexed Hologram
- Cylindrical (Cross) Stereograms
- Making a Cylindrical Cross Stereogram
- Conical Stereograms
- Flat Image-Plane Stereograms
- Scope of Modern Stereographic Imagery
- Geometries for Producing Original Image Sequences
- Perspective and Distortion
- Wide-angle Distortion
- Alignment and Spacing of the Images
- Long-Base Stereograms
- Image Registration
- Computer Control of Imagery
- Making the Final Transfer
- Do-It-Yourself Stereographic Holoprinter: Basic Considerations
- Stereogram Masters from Film Transparency Sets or Digitally Projected Images
- Stereogram Masters from Photographic Prints
- Images from Liquid Crystal Display Screen as Objects for Stereogram Masters
- Mastering and Transferring for Achromatic Stereograms
- Full-Color Stereograms
- Mastering for Full-Color Stereograms (Red Laser)
- Transfer for Full-Color Stereograms
- Color Balance
- Color Accuracy: WLT or Reflection?
- Calculating Distances
- Preventing Dropouts
- Computer Image Processing
- Volume Multiplexed Holograms
- References
-
Chapter 19 - Digital Holographic Printing
- Direct Writing of Holographic Fringes
- Principles of Digital Hologram Printing
- Master-Write Digital Holographic Printing
- Direct Master-Write Digital Holographic Printing
- Direct-Write Digital Holographic Printing
- Pixel Swapping
- Digital Holographic Printer
- Virtual 3D Scene Imaging for Holographic Printing
- Real Scene Imaging for Holographic Printing
- Other Applications
- References
-
Chapter 20 - Display Techniques
- Basic Types of Hologram and Their Display
- Displaying Holograms at Home
- Window Displays
- Displays to Accompany Lectures and Presentations
- Submitting Your Holograms for Exhibitions
- Packing Your Hologram for Forwarding to an Exhibition
- Organizing an Exhibition of Holograms
- Lighting Arrangements
- Light Sources
- Installing the Exhibits
- Floor Plan
- Relevant Information
- Environment
- Photography of Holograms
- Presenting Holograms on the Internet
- Viewpoint and Parallax
- Precautions at Exhibitions
- Using Flash at the Exhibitions
- Copyright
- References
-
Chapter 21 - Embossed Holograms
- Origination
- Requirements for Surface Relief Originals
- Artwork for Analog Originals
- Analog Origination
- Artwork for Digital Originals
- Dot Matrix
- Image Matrix Machinery
- E-Beam Lithography
- Digital Mastering with Analog Transfer
- DWDH Originals
- Combined Techniques
- Depositing the Conductive Layer on the Master
- First-Generation Master
- Electroforming of Final Shims
- Embossing Process
- Further Reading
- References
-
Chapter 6 - Making Your First Hologram
-
Section III - Applied Holography
-
Chapter 22 - Holography and Measurement
- Direct Measurements Using Holography
- Principle of Holographic Interferometry
- Real-Time Interferometry
- Double-Exposure Interferometry
- Time-Average Interferometry
- Strobed Interferometry
- Visualization of Fluid Flows
- Doubled Illuminating Beams
- Camera for Holographic Interferometry
- Sandwich Holography
- Reference Mirror Rotation
- Fringe Measurement
- Speckle Interferometry
- Holographic Contouring
- Summary of Applications
- Further Reading
- References
-
Chapter 23 - Data Storage and Diffractive Elements
- Why Holographic Data Storage?
- Data Processing
- Spatial Filtering with Fourier-Transform Holograms
- Fourier-Transform Holograms: The Principles
- Image Deblurring
- Correlation Filtering
- Computer-Generated Holograms
- Applications of Fourier-Transform CGHs
- Strategies for Making CGHs
- CGHs with a Personal Computer
- Diffractive Optical Elements
- Basic Types of DOE
- Fabrication of DOEs
- Applications of DOEs
- Further Reading
- References
- Chapter 24 - Holography in Biology and Medicine
-
Chapter 25 - Holographic Motion Pictures and Video
- Making the 3D Image Move
- Holographic Movies
- Electroholography: Holographic Video and Television
- Two Approaches to Holographic Video
- Three-Dimensional Scene Acquisition with Four-Wave Mixing
- Three-Dimensional Scene Acquisition with Integral Imaging
- Acquired 3D Scene Processing for Wavefront-Based Displays
- HoloDis: Display with Subwavelength Light Modulators
- MIT Scophony Displays
- NICT Display System
- SeeReal Display
- QinetiQ Display
- University of Arizona Photorefractive Polymer Display
- Zebra Imaging Holographic Motion Displays
- Zoetrope and Holographic Projections
- References
-
Chapter 26 - Other Applications of Holography
- Far-Field Holography
- Holomicrography
- Microwave Holography
- Infrared Holography
- Terahertz Holography
- Ultraviolet Holography
- X-Ray Holography
- Electron Holography
- Acoustic Holography
- Light-in-Flight Holography
- Polarization Holography
- Conoscopic Holography
- Pseudodeep Holograms
- Surface-Plasmon Holography
- Conclusion
- References
-
Chapter 22 - Holography and Measurement
- Appendix A: Mathematical Background to Holography
- Appendix B: Fourier Approach to Image Formation
- Appendix C: Geometries for Creative Holography
- Appendix D: Fringe Stabilization
-
Appendix E: Processing Formulas
- Developers for Industrially Made Silver Halide Emulsions
- Developer for Transmission and Reflection Master Holograms
- Hardener and Developer for True-Color Holograms Shot with CW Laser
- Pyrochrome Process
- Image Color Control during Pyrochrome Process
- Rehalogenating Bleaches
- Haze Removal
- Oxidized Developing Agents as Bleaches
- Pre- and Postswelling
- Preparation of Red-Sensitive DCG Emulsion
- Making Your Own Holographic Emulsion
- Material Required
- Preparation of Plates
- Preparation of Sufficient Coating Solution for an 8 × 10 in. Plate
- Coating (Smaller Plates)
- Coating (8 × 10 in. and A4 Size Plates)
- Preparing the Silver Bromide Emulsion
- Final Sensitizing Step
- Electroplating Formulas
- References
- Appendix F: Nonholographic 3D Imaging Methods
- Appendix G: Holography Timeline
- Glossary of Terms
Product information
- Title: Practical Holography, 4th Edition
- Author(s):
- Release date: September 2015
- Publisher(s): CRC Press
- ISBN: 9781498766777
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