Practical Industrial Cybersecurity

Chapter 1Industrial Control Systems

OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Describe the functions of components and systems involved in basic industrial process control operations, including:
   • Closed loop
   • RTU
   • IED
   • PLC
   • DCS
   • SCADA
   • Metering/telemetry
   • Ethernet I/O
   • Bus (field)
   • Purdue (ISA 95)
2. Describe common industrial safety and protection systems, including:
   • SIS
   • EMS
   • Leak detection
   • FGS
   • BMS
   • Vibration monitoring

Introduction

In general, people everywhere are becoming more aware of how interactions involving internetworked systems can affect their personal and financial security. However, we tend to be less aware of how security issues associated with the critical industrial processing and utility services infrastructure involve us. These critical infrastructure sectors include the following:

• Industrial processing
  • Manufacturing
  • Chemical processing
  • Agriculture
• Utility services
  • Water
  • Electricity
  • Wastewater
  • Oil and gas
  • Transportation

Consider the areas called out in these two sectors and think about how much of your life would be impacted if any of these critical infrastructure sectors became severely damaged or disabled by a security event. Then consider that most participants in both infrastructure sectors have increased their usage of cyber technologies to make their operations more automated, efficient, and productive. In doing so, they have exposed their operations to the same types of cybersecurity threats that are associated with ...