book

Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby, 2/e

Name: Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby, 2/e
Author: Sandi Metz
ISBN: 9780134445588

by Sandi Metz

July 2018

Beginner to intermediate

288 pages

8h 21m

English

Addison-Wesley Professional

Read now

Unlock full access

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
About This E-Book
Introduction
Acknowledgments
About the Author
1 Object-Oriented Design
1.1 In Praise of Design1.1.1 The Problem Design Solves1.1.2 Why Change Is Hard1.1.3 A Practical Definition of Design1.2 The Tools of Design1.2.1 Design Principles1.2.2 Design Patterns1.3 The Act of Design1.3.1 How Design Fails1.3.2 When to Design1.3.3 Judging Design1.4 A Brief Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming1.4.1 Procedural Languages1.4.2 Object-Oriented Languages1.5 Summary

2 Designing Classes with a Single Responsibility
2.1 Deciding What Belongs in a Class2.1.1 Grouping Methods into Classes2.1.2 Organizing Code to Allow for Easy Changes2.2 Creating Classes That Have a Single Responsibility2.2.1 An Example Application: Bicycles and Gears2.2.2 Why Single Responsibility Matters2.2.3 Determining If a Class Has a Single Responsibility2.2.4 Determining When to Make Design Decisions2.3 Writing Code That Embraces Change2.3.1 Depend on Behavior, Not Data2.3.2 Enforce Single Responsibility Everywhere2.4 Finally, the Real Wheel2.5 Summary
3 Managing Dependencies
3.1 Understanding Dependencies3.1.1 Recognizing Dependencies3.1.2 Coupling Between Objects (CBO)3.1.3 Other Dependencies3.2 Writing Loosely Coupled Code3.2.1 Inject Dependencies3.2.2 Isolate Dependencies3.2.3 Remove Argument-Order Dependencies3.3 Managing Dependency Direction3.3.1 Reversing Dependencies3.3.2 Choosing Dependency Direction3.4 Summary
4 Creating Flexible Interfaces
4.1 Understanding Interfaces4.2 Defining Interfaces4.2.1 Public Interfaces4.2.2 Private Interfaces4.2.3 Responsibilities, Dependencies, and Interfaces4.3 Finding the Public Interface4.3.1 An Example Application: Bicycle Touring Company4.3.2 Constructing an Intention4.3.3 Using Sequence Diagrams4.3.4 Asking for “What” Instead of Telling “How”4.3.5 Seeking Context Independence4.3.6 Trusting Other Objects4.3.7 Using Messages to Discover Objects4.3.8 Creating a Message-Based Application4.4 Writing Code That Puts Its Best (Inter)Face Forward4.4.1 Create Explicit Interfaces4.4.2 Honor the Public Interfaces of Others4.4.3 Exercise Caution When Depending on Private Interfaces4.4.4 Minimize Context4.5 The Law of Demeter4.5.1 Defining Demeter4.5.2 Consequences of Violations4.5.3 Avoiding Violations4.5.4 Listening to Demeter4.6 Summary
5 Reducing Costs with Duck Typing
5.1 Understanding Duck Typing5.1.1 Overlooking the Duck5.1.2 Compounding the Problem5.1.3 Finding the Duck5.1.4 Consequences of Duck Typing5.2 Writing Code That Relies on Ducks5.2.1 Recognizing Hidden Ducks5.2.2 Placing Trust in Your Ducks5.2.3 Documenting Duck Types5.2.4 Sharing Code between Ducks5.2.5 Choosing Your Ducks Wisely5.3 Conquering a Fear of Duck Typing5.3.1 Subverting Duck Types with Static Typing5.3.2 Static versus Dynamic Typing5.3.3 Embracing Dynamic Typing5.4 Summary
6 Acquiring Behavior through Inheritance
6.1 Understanding Classical Inheritance6.2 Recognizing Where to Use Inheritance6.2.1 Starting with a Concrete Class6.2.2 Embedding Multiple Types6.2.3 Finding the Embedded Types6.2.4 Choosing Inheritance6.2.5 Drawing Inheritance Relationships6.3 Misapplying Inheritance6.4 Finding the Abstraction6.4.1 Creating an Abstract Superclass6.4.2 Promoting Abstract Behavior6.4.3 Separating Abstract from Concrete6.4.4 Using the Template Method Pattern6.4.5 Implementing Every Template Method6.5 Managing Coupling between Superclasses and Subclasses6.5.1 Understanding Coupling6.5.2 Decoupling Subclasses Using Hook Messages6.6 Summary
7 Sharing Role Behavior with Modules
7.1 Understanding Roles7.1.1 Finding Roles7.1.2 Organizing Responsibilities7.1.3 Removing Unnecessary Dependencies7.1.4 Writing the Concrete Code7.1.5 Extracting the Abstraction7.1.6 Looking Up Methods7.1.7 Inheriting Role Behavior7.2 Writing Inheritable Code7.2.1 Recognize the Antipatterns7.2.2 Insist on the Abstraction7.2.3 Honor the Contract7.2.4 Use the Template Method Pattern7.2.5 Preemptively Decouple Classes7.2.6 Create Shallow Hierarchies7.3 Summary
8 Combining Objects with Composition
8.1 Composing a Bicycle of Parts8.1.1 Updating the Bicycle Class8.1.2 Creating a Parts Hierarchy8.2 Composing the Parts Object8.2.1 Creating a Part8.2.2 Making the Parts Object More Like an Array8.3 Manufacturing Parts8.3.1 Creating the PartsFactory8.3.2 Leveraging the PartsFactory8.4 The Composed Bicycle8.5 Deciding between Inheritance and Composition8.5.1 Accepting the Consequences of Inheritance8.5.2 Accepting the Consequences of Composition8.5.3 Choosing Relationships8.6 Summary
9 Designing Cost-Effective Tests
9.1 Intentional Testing9.1.1 Knowing Your Intentions9.1.2 Knowing What to Test9.1.3 Knowing When to Test9.1.4 Knowing How to Test9.2 Testing Incoming Messages9.2.1 Deleting Unused Interfaces9.2.2 Proving the Public Interface9.2.3 Isolating the Object under Test9.2.4 Injecting Dependencies Using Classes9.2.5 Injecting Dependencies as Roles9.3 Testing Private Methods9.3.1 Ignoring Private Methods during Tests9.3.2 Removing Private Methods from the Class under Test9.3.3 Choosing to Test a Private Method9.4 Testing Outgoing Messages9.4.1 Ignoring Query Messages9.4.2 Proving Command Messages9.5 Testing Duck Types9.5.1 Testing Roles9.5.2 Using Role Tests to Validate Doubles9.6 Testing Inherited Code9.6.1 Specifying the Inherited Interface9.6.2 Specifying Subclass Responsibilities9.6.3 Testing Unique Behavior9.7 Summary
Afterword
Index
Code Snippets

Content preview from Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby, 2/e

CHAPTER 2 Designing Classes with a Single Responsibility

The foundation of an object-oriented system is the message, but the most visible organizational structure is the class. Messages are at the core of design, but because classes are so obvious, this chapter starts small and concentrates on how to decide what belongs in a class. The design emphasis will gradually shift from classes to messages over the next several chapters.

What are your classes? How many should you have? What behavior will they implement? How much do they know about other classes? How much of themselves should they expose?

These questions can be overwhelming. Every decision seems both permanent and fraught with peril. Fear not. At this stage, your first obligation is to ...

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Read now

Unlock full access

More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly

O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.

Julian F.

Head of Cybersecurity

I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.

Addison B.

Field Engineer

I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.

Amir M.

Data Platform Tech Lead

I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.

Mark W.

Embedded Software Engineer

Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby: An Agile Primer

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9780134445588

Cloud Computing

Data Engineering

Data Science

AI & ML

Programming Languages

Software Architecture

IT/Ops

Security

Design

Business

Soft Skills

Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby, 2/e

by Sandi Metz

CHAPTER 2

Designing Classes with a Single Responsibility

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.