
Mathematical Tools
11
In the case of a sine wave, for example, the RMS value is
f
T
Ftdt
T
F
t
dt F
RMS
T
M
T
=
()
=
−
()
=
∫∫
11
12
2
1
2
0
22
0
2
sin
cos
ω
ω
≅≅ 07. F
M
Therefore its square
1
2
1
2
2
2
=
is equal to half of the maximum value of the function
M
222
=
sin ω .
1.2.3.3
D
escriptive Values
In addition to waveform, amplitude, and phase, a periodic wave can be charac-
terized with
➜ Maximum (or peak) value, F
M
: maximum amplitude
➜ Peak to peak value, F
P–P
: distance between max and min
➜ Crest factor, F
CR
: ratio between F
M
and F
RMS
(for a sinusoidal wave
F
CR
1 414. )
➜ Average crest-factor,
F
CR
: ratio between F
M
and F
AVG
➜ Form factor, F
F
: ratio bet ...