Most people who use Windows (even in corporate networks) authenticate with username/password. To be specific, here, the username is actually the User Principal Name (UPN), which can be entered as HUGHESNET-US\lhughes or lhughes@us.hughesnet.org in my network. The password is the one in the user’s Active Directory account (when using domain login).
It is possible to create Windows Logon Smart cards , which is just a PKI smart card that contains a certificate with the SubjectDN ...