Chapter 2
Probability
2.1 Sample Space
In the study of statistics, we are concerned basically with the presentation and interpretation of chance outcomes that occur in a planned study or scientific investigation. For example, we may record the number of accidents that occur monthly at the intersection of Driftwood Lane and Royal Oak Drive, hoping to justify the installation of a traffic light; we might classify items coming off an assembly line as “defective” or “nondefective”; or we may be interested in the volume of gas released in a chemical reaction when the concentration of an acid is varied. Hence, the statistician is often dealing with either numerical data, representing counts or measurements, or categorical data, which can be classified ...
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