December 2002
Intermediate to advanced
800 pages
18h 7m
English
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2.7. Linear Models and Deviation Variables
Consider the stirred-tank heater model (Example 2.3), when the volume, flow rate, and inlet temperature are constant at their steady-state values (indicated by the subscript s):
Equation 2.70
Deviation Variable Formulation
Control engineers like to think in terms of “deviation variables,” that is, perturbations from a steady-state operating condition. The reader should show that if we define the following deviation variables
Equation 2.71
then Equation (2.70) can be written in the form
Equation 2.72
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